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[MERGED] Apa Sebenarnya Terjadi Selepas Melaka Diserang Portugis ?

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Post time 26-1-2006 01:37 AM | Show all posts |Read mode
Edited by winamp05 at 4-8-2019 09:05 PM

Apa yang berlaku selepas Melaka diserang Portugis?

- Apa terjadi kepada istana Sultan Melaka?
- Kemana hilangnya harta2 kerajaan melaka?
- Apa terjadi kepada orang melayu Melaka yang ditawan?
- Apakah kemusnahan yang telah berlaku?

[ Last edited by  amazed at 20-11-2008 06:34 PM ]

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Post time 26-1-2006 01:53 AM | Show all posts
Originally posted by WonBin at 26-1-2006 01:37 AM
Apa yang berlaku selepas Melaka diserang Portugis?

- Apa terjadi kepada istana Sultan Melaka?
- Kemana hilangnya harta2 kerajaan melaka?
- Apa terjadi kepada orang melayu Melaka yang ditawan?
...


kerajaan portugis membawa culture baru..permikiran baru dan cara baru example-
sistem barter ditukar dari sistem mata wang..dll. tapi wa tak sure apa jadi sultan melaka dan pentadbiran beliau.:hmm::hmm:

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 Author| Post time 26-1-2006 02:04 AM | Show all posts
Pada zaman tersebut, Melaka adalah tempat yang terkaya di dunia. Mana perginya semua harta2 dan emas2 tersebut?
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Post time 26-1-2006 07:17 AM | Show all posts
ermmm..ermm...ntah...
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Post time 26-1-2006 08:09 AM | Show all posts
Apa yang aku tahu la dari cite lisan dan buku sejarah sekolah...hehe

-istana melaka kena bakar
- harta kerjaan dirampas Portugis dan dibawa ke Goa...tapi sebahagian tenggelam bersama kapal Alfonso d'Albuquerque iaitu Flor de la Mar di Selat melaka....tak tau la kalau ada harta hanyut ke Pulau Besar dan Pawang Diraja jumpa baru-baru ni....hahahaha
- orang yang ditawan dijadikan hamba atau ada yang dipaksa menganuti Kristian. Salah seorang hmaba ni ialah Panglima Awang
- kemusnahan....tak pasti tapi kalau ikut standard masa tu banyak bangunan dibakar. Juga segala batu nisan perkuburan dijadikan sebahgian bahan nak buat A Famosa

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Post time 26-1-2006 09:42 AM | Show all posts


Sewaktu kegemilangan Melaka ia terkenal sebagai "Emporium of  the East" dan pusat perdagangan  Timur-Barat yang terbesar dunia. Jumlah perdagangan dan jumlah kapal yang singgah untuk berniaga membatasi Vanice yang menguasi perdagangan Timur-Barat melalui Levant. Tetapi apabila Portugis mengambil alih Melaka Portugis gagal mengambalikan kedudukan Melaka kapada status yang asal.:hmm::hmm:

[ Last edited by thamrong at 26-1-2006 09:46 AM ]

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Post time 26-1-2006 09:49 AM | Show all posts
- org Portugis jadi puteri gunung ledang :hmm:
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Post time 26-1-2006 10:02 AM | Show all posts
Originally posted by thamrong at 26-1-2006 09:42


Sewaktu kegemilangan Melaka ia terkenal sebagai "Emporium of  the East" dan pusat perdagangan  Timur-Barat yang terbesar d ...


Kalau tak salah kenapa status Melaka jatuh dari emporium kepada mini market saja ialah Melaka menjadi kurang mesra peniaga dengan cukai yang tinggi, pentadbiran Portugis yang kurang cekap, terutama menjelang akhir kurun ke-16, kehadiran VOC dan pembangunan batavia...jga kebanyakan pedagang beragama Islam...dan kalau tak salah juga mereka bertumpu ke Acheh.

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Post time 26-1-2006 10:07 AM | Show all posts
Pada 10 Ogos 1511, armada Portugis pimpinan Alfonso de Albuquerque berjaya menakluki Melaka. Menurut Tome Pires, penulis Portugis yang menghasilkan 'Suma Oriental' sistem pentadbiran lama masih digunakan untuk mengawal penduduk-penduduk Asia di situ. Penjajah Portugis mentadbir Melaka secara ketenteraan. Segala kerja dan tugas kepolisan dilaksanakan oleh askar-askar Portugis. Menjelang tahun 1511 Melaka telahpun menjadi masyarakat kosmopolitan. Pihak Portugis lebih senang mentadbir Melaka dengan menggunakan sistem "Kapitan". Di bawah sistem ini suku-suku kaum akan diletakkan di bawah seorang ketua kaum. Ketua ini bertindak sebagai intitusi polis untuk menjaga kekuasaannya. Perkataan "Kapitan" berasal dari bahasa Sepanyaol dan ada kemungkinan sistem itu digunakan di tanah jajahan Portugis lainnya.


gambar Alfonso de Albuquerque


Portugis di Melaka

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Post time 26-1-2006 10:48 AM | Show all posts
Sesudah kejatuhan Melaka - sorry tak sempat untuk diterjemahan


After the conquest, Albuquerque immediately ordered the building of a fortress on the south side of the river. This fortress was called "A Famosa" and it was finished in November 1511. Ruy de Brito Patalim was appointed Captain of the "Fortaleza de Malacca" and about 500 Portuguese soldiers were left as garrison.
Shortly thereafter, Albuquerque prepared the ships for the return with the Malacca抯 booty. However, during the return voyage to Goa his ship "Flor do Mar" sank during a storm and all the treasures fetched in Malacca抯 were lost.:stp::stp::stp:
Several Florentine merchants took part in the Portuguese enterprises in Asia. Amongst them, Giovanni da Empoli, was present in Malacca during the siege and the conquest. He described his experiences in an interesting letter to his father.
After the conquest of Malacca, Portugal抯 policy in the Malaya Peninsula was either to establish alliances with local rulers or to convince the adjoining Kingdoms to accept Portuguese suzerainty.
From his base at Johore, the old Sultan of Malacca repeatedly attacked Malacca in 1517, 1520, 1521 and in 1525. At last, in 1583, a peace treaty was signed.
Malacca was repeatedly under siege in 1550, 1567, 1571 and the main enemies were Johore and Atjeh (in Sumatra).
In Malacca, Albuquerque established a new administration, minted a new currency and built a wooden chapel close to the fortress.
Adjoining the fortress, a stone church dedicated to "Nossa Senhora da Anunciada" was erected in 1521, and later to "Nossa Senhora da Assump玢o". On 4 February 1558 this church was consecrated as a Cathedral.
Many Portuguese "Casados", mostly artisans, merchants or farmers, settled in Malacca.
In 1532, the Confraria da Miseric髍dia was founded and a beautiful wooden hospital for the poor was also built. The church also started a school.
Active missionary work began in 1545 with the arrival of St. Francisco Xavier.
In 1552 was set up the "Camara" (Municipal Council) of Malacca.

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Post time 26-1-2006 10:49 AM | Show all posts
The Fall of Melaka

On May 2nd, 1511, Alphonso d'Albuquerque sailed from Cochin, India, for Malacca with nineteen ships, 8oo Portuguese and 6oo Malabaris. After sinking Muslim shipping en route and raiding Pasai and Pedir, he reached the harbour of Melaka on the evening of July 1, to the sound of trumpets, cannons and bedeckked with flags. Sultan Mahmud sent a messenger to enquire whether it was to be peace or war. d'Albuquerque, demanded the surrender of the captive Portuguese from de Sequeira's fleet and compensation. The Sultan erected stockades decked with war flags and made a show of his fleet of river-boats.




d'Albuquerque bombarded the town, which terrified its inhabitants, being the first time it had ever been shelled by modern heavy artillery. With fires blazing in many parts of the town, he then set his cannon on the ships and burnt every one, except for those belonging to Chinese and Hindus. In desperation, the Sultan surrendered the Portuguese prisoners and agreed to some of his demands for compensation - even agreeing to a Portuguese fortress being built near Melaka. But after seeing the wealth of trade in the harbour and the splendour of the city, the Portuguese had by now no intention of letting Melaka be ruled by anyone else other than themselves.d'Albuquerque tested the Malay stockades by ordering a small raid with armed boats and two barges with heavy bombards in order to discover the enemy's numbers, where their artillery was stationed and how they planned their defence.

The defections already began. The Chinese merchants offered the services of their crews and their five junks. d'Albuquerque learned from them that the Sultan had more than 20,000 fighting men in the town - most of them Javanese, Persians and Turkish mercenaries. There were also twenty war-elephants and at least 3,000 artillery pieces - though almost all of them were small-calibre guns with little range and firepower.




Melaka was divided into two by the Melaka river. The northern part of the town housed the commercial quarters where the Javanese, Indian and Chinese merchants had their godowns and homes. To the south of the river was the Royal Quarter where the Sultan had his Palace, his Royal Household and the city's main mosque. A single bridge near the mouth of the river linked the two parts of the city and both sides knew that the Malays losing that bridge would effectively split their forces in two. Whoever held the bridge would hold the city.

Devoted to the Apostle James, d'Albuquerque mounted his first major assault on that Saint's day - July 18. He ordered half his forces to disembark south on the side of the mosque, while he led the other half ashore on the north or city side. As morning broke, the attack on the bridge began. As soon as the first fury of the Malay artillery was spent, the trumpets blew and with the war-cry "St. James!" the Portuguese fell upon the Malay stockades on the bridge. The Sultan's forces charged at them with bows and arrows, blow-pipes and lances and shields. The battle ebbed and flowed over that bridge for most of the morning - the Malays withdrawing, pursued by the protuguese, then the Portuguese retreating as their rear flank was attacked by waiting Malays in the sidestreets and alleys of the main road leading up to the mosque. At a crucial point, the Sultan and his son, Ahmad, mounted on war-elephants and led yet another drive which drove the Portuguese back to the bridge - but they were pushed back again by another charge from Portuguese pikemen.  

Seven hundred Javanese then attacked the Portuguese rear from the northern part of the city but they were scattered before they could reach the stockades on the bridge. Some fleeing Javanese jumped into the sea only to be slaughtered by Portuguese in boats. Reinforcing their position in the stockades, the Portuguese threw back another assault by the Sultan war elephants, stabbing them with their lances so that they turned tail and charged through the Malay ranks. Ahmad had his own elephant killed under him and was wounded in the hand. By 2 p.m. the Portuguese had advanced up to the mosque and large parts of the city were already set to fire.




But the Portuguese attack was spent. They had many killed and wounded, they were suffering greatly from the heat and they were exhaused building stockades and fighting off counter-attacks. At dusk d'Albuquerque withdrew in boats, under the fire from Malay guns, matchlocks, spears, arrows and blowpipes. He took away with him at least fifty large bombards captured from the Malay stockades, and seventy of his wounded Of those struck by poisoned arrows, only one survived. The Malays now repaired the stockades on and around the bridge and redeployed most of their artillery there. The bridge was divided into sections with stout palisades and two more palisades were constructed on the river banks mounted with guns to command the approaches to the bridge from city and mosque. The leader of the Javanese mercenaries, Utimutira, had by now decided to throw in his lot with the attackers and sent presents to d'Albuquerque, promising him secret support.

d'Albuquerque now heavily armed a very tall junk that would overlook the bridge and ran it aground on on a sand-bank, where, like a seige tower, it rained artillery fire, crossbow arrows, darts, fireballs and stones onto the the Malays on the bridge for nine days. The Malays sent down barges of firewood, pitch and oil on the falling tide to set the junk on fire, but these attempts failed to destroy it.


Two hours before dawn on Friday August 8th, the day of the martyr St. Lawrence, the Portuguese again set out for the city on the high spring tide. While the junk was being grappled and secured to the bridge, two Portuguese boats with heavy guns took up positions on both sides of the bay, to protect with their fire the flanks of the Portuguese attacks. d'Albuquerque with all his remaining force landed on the north or city side of the river in the Javanese quarter of Upeh. Having secured a bridgehead there, he ordered a force of his soldiers to seize the mosque while another was ordered to capture the Malay barricade that blocked the main street in the south. The Portuguese stormed the bridge, the Malays withdrawing to the stockades between it and the mosque. These stockades were soon engulfed by gunfire from the boats, and the defenders retreated to the mosque, where was the Sultan and 3000 shieldsmen were entrenched.

With too few forces to pursue the Sultan, d'Albuquerque was content to hold the bridge and not advanced beyond the mosque. He furiously fortified with bridge with barrels of sand and mounted cannon, with gunboats patrolling under the bridge and posted at both bridgeheads. Malay artillery then started firing on the bridge from the housetops of the northern part of the city. The Portuguese started to clear the streets there, with orders not to give mercy to anyone - man, woman or child - and thousands were butchered


All through the night the gun-boats and warships in the bay bombarded the city. But it was needless. Sultan mahmud had by then gathered all the treasures in his Palace and fled with his family and followers. Melaka had fallen. The next morning, the Portuguese advanced towards the Sultan's Palace, only to find it deserted and emptied of the loot they had been promised. Enraged, they put the palace to the torch and, for the next few days, looted the city. The mosque was demolished stone by stone - the material being used for the new Portuguese fortress that was to be built upon the site of where the Sultan's Palace had originally been. The fortress - A Famosa - preserved Portuguese power in Melaka for the next 130 years.

It had taken exactly 40 days for the Portuguese to put an end to the Melaka Empire.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

author: sabri_zain@yahoo.co.uk

[ Last edited by hamizao at 27-1-2006 03:17 PM ]

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Post time 26-1-2006 11:02 AM | Show all posts
hamizao wiitr....
Sultan mahmud had by then gathered all the treasures in his Palace and fled with his family and followers. Melaka had fallen. The next morning, the Portuguese advanced towards the Sultan's Palace, only to find it deserted and emptied of the loot they had been promised. Enraged, they put the palace to the torch and, for the next few days, looted the city....... 130 years.




O I see...thank you Hamizao.

Portugis musnahkan semua bangunan yang melambangkan kesultanan Melaka termasuk Mesjid besar. Harta dan gudang kaum asing Cina dan India/Kling tidak disentuh kerana  hasil membantu Portugis menawan Melaka. Penempatan Cina terus ujud di tebing utara sungai Melaka dan Kling di Tengkera.

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Post time 26-1-2006 11:05 AM | Show all posts
Sikit lagi nak tambah....

During the escape by the royal family, Tun Teja died and was burried in Merlimau,Melaka.



The Sultan still tried to retake Melaka but was unsuccessful and be further fled to Pahang and then againto Bintan where he set up a govt. With a base established, the sultan rallied the disarrayed Malay forces and organized several attacks and blockades against the Portuguese position.

Frequent raids on Malacca caused the Portuguese severe hardship and it helped to convince the Portuguese to destroy the exiled sultan's forces. A number of attempts were made to suppress the Malay but it wasn't until 1526 that the Portuguese finally razed Bintan to the ground. The sultan then retreated to Kampar in Sumatra and died two years later. He left behind two sons named Muzaffar Shah and Alauddin Riayat Shah.

Muzaffar Shah continued on to establish Perak while Alauddin Riayat Shah became the first sultan of Johor.

[ Last edited by hamizao at 26-1-2006 11:46 AM ]

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Post time 26-1-2006 11:12 AM | Show all posts
Originally posted by thamrong at 26-1-2006 11:02 AM
hamizao wiitr....

O I see...thank you Hamizao.

Portugis musnahkan semua bangunan yang melambangkan kesultanan Melaka termasuk Mesjid besar. Harta dan gudang kaum asing Cina dan India/Kl ...


Begitulah selalunya diantara yang menang dan yang kalah. Ttg the Javanese...history tells us even the Dutch do not hold much trust in them back then....

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Post time 26-1-2006 11:41 AM | Show all posts
Originally posted by hamizao at 26-1-2006 11:12 AM


Begitulah selalunya diantara yang menang dan yang kalah. Ttg the Javanese...history tells us even the Dutch do not hold much trust in them back then....


Ah ha...that is very naughty thought...In my humble opinion that is probably true..
Why?
When the Dutch decided to establish a colony in the Cape of Good Hope they already have a big sattlement in Batavia and Malacca was only a minor trading post. Ships returning from Batavia to Holland decided to pick up the Malacca Malays as helpers to set up the colony. Why not the Javanese? The answer is because the Dutchs were having tough time with the natives in Batavia because their 'factors' selalu kena rompok.

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Post time 26-1-2006 11:51 AM | Show all posts
Malacca became only a minor trading post after the fall was probably true as many Muslim & Arab traders bypass Malacca and went to Aceh instead....

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Post time 26-1-2006 12:08 PM | Show all posts
Pada pendapat saya tidak munkin orang-orang Melayu diinaya dan dipaksa memeluk agama kristian. Memang ada yang menjadi buruh paksa tetapi mereka ini yang di anggap sabagai tawanan perang dan Portugis ada 'code of conduct' tetang issue ini.Portugis telah datang dengan cara deplomatik pada tahun 1509 tetapa sultan Melaka dengan sombung menulak tawarannya. Malah orang Portugis ditawan dan diseksa.Disini nampaknya kebodohan kesultanan Melaka.:hmm::hmm:

Agama Islam bukanlah satu yang asing bagi Portugis.Portugis hormat pada agama Islam kerana hubungan dizaman Andalusia. Malah banyak penempatan Portugis di timur tengah saperti North Africa, Yamen dan Hormoz. Kepentingan Portugis ialah berdagang bukan mengembang agama. St. Francis Xavier cuma muncul pada 1545 dan missionarynya tertumpu dinegeri Cina sahaja. Satu lagi sebab paksaan untuk menukar agama orang Melayu kekristian tidak ujud kerana ia munkin akan mendapat tentangan dari Aceh yang waktu itu adalah ally Portugis.

[ Last edited by thamrong at 26-1-2006 12:28 PM ]

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Post time 26-1-2006 12:42 PM | Show all posts
Kalau tak salah saya antara sebab explorasi kuasa Barat pada kurun ke-16 (maybe Sepanyol sahaja, mayb semua) meibatkan Gs - Gold, God/Gospel dengan tah apa lagi.....mungkin penyebaran kristian bukan tujuan utama mereka mengembangkan empayar....

Pasal respek Islam tu...saya tak pasti memandangkan kerajaan Portugal turut terlibat dalam Reconquista (cuma melibatkan wilayah sepetimana Portugal sekarang)

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Post time 26-1-2006 12:51 PM | Show all posts
Originally posted by alphawolf at 26-1-2006 12:42 PM
Kalau tak salah saya antara sebab explorasi kuasa Barat pada kurun ke-16 (maybe Sepanyol sahaja, mayb semua) meibatkan Gs - Gold, God/Gospel dengan tah apa lagi.....mungkin penyebaran kristian buka ...


glory
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Post time 26-1-2006 12:58 PM | Show all posts
aku berminat nak tau sgt psl sejarah lampau espcially psl melaka...
ada sesapa bleh bagitau..brp lama zaman kegemilangan melaka ni?
dan kemanakah perginya hang tuah (kalo wujudla) masa portugis mnyerang melaka..

syg sekali byk monumen atau bukti2 kegemilangan melaka dulu dah takder...utk tatapan generasi sekrg
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