Peperangan oleh US utk melindungi Petro Dollar

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pd 1945, USD dipilih sbg matawang perantaraan di dunia dan negara US 'berjanji' menyandarkan setiap USD35 pd 1oz emas

The only currency strong enough to meet the rising demands for international currency transactions was the U.S. dollar. The strength of the U.S. economy, the fixed relationship of the dollar to gold ($35 an ounce), and the commitment of the U.S. government to convert dollars into gold at that price made the dollar as good as gold. In fact, the dollar was even better than gold: it earned interest and it was more flexible than gold.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system

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pd sekitar 1971, negara german dan perancis menuntut semula emas mereka krn yakin bhw US tiada kemampuan dari segi peruntukkan bajet utk menampung kos peperangan di Vietnam.

"The German withdrawal from the Bretton Woods agreement sparked panic and a currency crisis. By the end of June 1971, $22 billion in assets had left the US. Later, in July 1971, Switzerland redeemed $50 million for gold and one month later in August, pulled its Swiss Franc from the Bretton Woods agreement. At the same time, France redeemed $191 million for gold by sending a French battleship to New York to take delivery of the gold from the Federal Reserve and to bring back to France".

pd 1975, semua pengeluar minyak utama dunia bersetuju menjual minyak mereka menggunakan matawang USD...

By 1975, all of the oil-producing nations of OPEC had agreed to price their oil in dollars and to hold their surplus oil proceeds in U.S. government debt securities in exchange for the generous offers by the U.S.

http://ftmdaily.com/preparing-fo ... petrodollar-part-2/

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tahun 2000, Iraq menyingkirkan penggunaan USD utk jualan minyaknya.....

U.N. to let Iraq sell oil for euros, not dollars
Web posted at: 8:45 PM EST (0145 GMT)

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) -- A U.N. panel on Monday approved Iraq's plan to receive oil-export payments in Europe's single currency after Baghdad decided to move the start date back a week.

Members of the Security Council's Iraqi sanctions committee said the panel's chairman, Dutch Ambassador Peter van Walsum, would inform U.N. officials on Tuesday of the decision to allow Iraq to receive payments in euros, rather than dollars.

U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan's office is to report in three months on the impact of the switch to euros, which a U.N. study said would cost Iraq at least $270 million.

Iraq's U.N. Ambassador Saeed Hasan reported earlier that Baghdad would delay the changeover until after Nov. 6, rather than put it into effect on November 1, as originally announced. Iraq has called the dollar the currency of an "enemy state."

Hasan said the delay would give the United Nations time to make arrangements for the change, as it requested.

Iraq had also threatened to stop oil exports, the bulk of which flow through the U.N. humanitarian programme, if its request for payment in euros was denied.

On Friday, the chief U.N. financial officer, Joseph Connor, asked Iraq to delay any action until proper arrangements could be made. He did not say how long he would need.

Connor, the U.N. undersecretary-general for management, told Hasan in a letter that the Central Bank of Iraq and U.N. officials should consult first on "banking arrangements involved and currency management issues."

Baghdad currently is selling about $60 million in crude a day, about 5 percent of the world's oil exports.

Under the U.N. "oil-for-food" programme, Iraq is permitted to sell unlimited quantities of oil to purchase needed supplies for its people, to alleviate the impact of U.N. sanctions. The embargoes were imposed when Baghdad's troops invaded Kuwait in August 1990.

Contracts for goods as well as oil sales are approved by the United Nations, which has a dollar-based escrow account at the New York branch of the French bank BNP-Paribas. More than $10 billion is in the bank.

In a 10-page report on Friday, Suzanne Bishopric, the U.N. treasurer, outlined how Iraq should go about making the switch but said the euro would accrue lower interest than the dollar.

She said buyers of Iraqi crude would pay 10 cents a barrel less to offset the cost of dealing in euros rather than dollars.

Hasan assailed the report as "highly exaggerated," and diplomats said he gave a detailed critique of her analysis in his letter to the committee.

Copyright 2000 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/10/30/iraq.un.euro.reut/

tahun 2003, US menyerang Iraq dgn alasan mereka menyimpan weapon of mass destruction... matawang EURO mengalami kejatuhan nilai sehingga 15% apabila jualan minyak Iraq menggunakan matawang USD semula......

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pd 2011, Gaddafi merancang menggunakan matawang emas dinar utk petukaran dagangan minyak di negara-negara afrika menggantikan USD dan EURO.

Saving the world economy from Gaddafi
Published time: May 05, 2011 02:29 
Edited time: May 05, 2011 08:42

Some believe it is about protecting civilians, others say it is about oil, but some are convinced intervention in Libya is all about Gaddafi’s plan to introduce the gold dinar, a single African currency made from gold, a true sharing of the wealth.

“It’s one of these things that you have to plan almost in secret, because as soon as you say you’re going to change over from the dollar to something else, you’re going to be targeted,” says Ministry of Peace founder Dr James Thring. “There were two conferences on this, in 1986 and 2000, organized by Gaddafi. Everybody was interested, most countries in Africa were keen.”

Gaddafi did not give up. In the months leading up to the military intervention, he called on African and Muslim nations to join together to create this new currency that would rival the dollar and euro. They would sell oil and other resources around the world only for gold dinars.

It is an idea that would shift the economic balance of the world. 

A country’s wealth would depend on how much gold it had and not how many dollars it traded. And Libya has 144 tons of gold. The UK, for example, has twice as much, but ten times the population.

“If Gaddafi had an intent to try to re-price his oil or whatever else the country was selling on the global market and accept something else as a currency or maybe launch a gold dinar currency, any move such as that would certainly not be welcomed by the power elite today, who are responsible for controlling the world’s central banks,” says Anthony Wile, founder and chief editor of the Daily Bell. 

“So yes, that would certainly be something that would cause his immediate dismissal and the need for other reasons to be brought forward from moving him from power.”

And it has happened before.

In 2000, Saddam Hussein announced Iraqi oil would be traded in euros, not dollars. Some say sanctions and an invasion followed because the Americans were desperate to prevent OPEC from transferring oil trading in all its member countries to the euro.

A gold dinar would have had serious consequences for the world financial system, but may also have empowered the people of Africa, something black activists say the US wants to avoid at all costs.

“The US have denied self-determination to Africans inside the US, so we are not surprised by anything the US would do to hinder the self-determination of Africans on the continent,” says Cynthia Ann McKinney, a former US Congresswoman.

The UK’s gold is kept in a secure vault somewhere in the depths of the Bank of England. As in most developed countries, there is not enough to go around.

But that is not the case in countries like Libya and many of the Gulf States. 

A gold dinar would have given oil-rich African and Middle Eastern countries the power to turn around to their energy-hungry customers and say:  “Sorry, the price has gone up, and we want gold.”

Some say the US and its NATO allies literally could not afford to let that happen.

http://rt.com/news/economy-oil-gold-libya/

lanjutan itu, Gaddafi mati dibunuh oleh pemberontak yg ditaja US & NATO

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miss_myvi

gud info...