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Wajah Congo Ketika Di Jajah Belgium& Perancis (30pics)
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Congo Free State (Belgium) 1885-1908
Congo Free State (as the Independent State of the Congo, fr. état indépendant du Congo) - State in Africa that existed in the years 1885-1908, is a "personal possession" King of Belgium Leopold II, with the brutal regime of operation of the local population, while being independent of Government of Belgium.
In the last quarter of the XIX century, the territory of the Congo became the object of rivalry between the colonial powers. In 1876 the Belgian King Leopold II organized under his chairmanship the International Association for Research and civilization of Central Africa. Under its cover, royal emissaries (travelers, military officers, missionaries) imposed leaders of local tribes onerous treaties. Using the contradiction between the UK, France, Germany and the United States, Leopold II established control over a huge area. Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 was recognized sovereign Leopold II annexed territory, known as the Congo Free State. Conquest of the local population was carried out for ten years and was accompanied by massacres.
To keep the millions of Congo under control, used "social forces» (Force Publique) - private army formed from a number of local warlike tribes, under the command of European officers.
There reigned regime armed robbery of the population, most parasitic plundering available for exploitation of natural resources.For failure to supply ivory, rubber, food, for refusing to perform compulsory labor authorities exterminated locals burned villages devastated entire neighborhoods. Working conditions on rubber plantations were unbearable: Hundreds of thousands of people died from starvation and epidemics. Often, in order to force local residents to work, the authorities of the colony women taken hostage and held them in custody throughout the harvest season rubber.
Severe operating system led to a reduction in the population of the Congo from 30 million in 1884 to 15 million in 1915 for the slightest infraction of workers maimed and killed. Fighters from "social forces" as evidence of "target" flow cartridges during counter-insurgency operations required to present the severed hands of those killed. Revenues from the operation of the Congo King directed, in particular, the maintenance of his mistress Blanche Delacroix, journalists dubbed the "Queen of the Congo» (la reine du Congo).
Public awareness of the Congo drew first Joseph Conrad's novel "Heart of Darkness" (1899), and then report diplomat Roger Casement and the work he founded the Society for reforms in the Congo.
Shortly before his death, in 1908, the Belgian king sold its African ownership of the Belgian state, which led to the emergence of the Belgian Congo colony.
Mutilated Congolese children
Boy, mutilated soldiers. 1906
Mutilated worker with rubber plantation. 1906
Locals mutilated soldiers
Gold mines
Agents modern African slave trade. (1905)
Missionaries near Congolese victims of massacres soldiers. 1905
Consumables Belgian Congo
Children mutilated soldiers Congo. 1905
Punishment careless worker
Father looks at his hands five year old daughter, who had been cut off as a punishment for what she has collected too little rubber. Congo Free State
Police barracks in Matadi. (1905)
Victims with rubber plantations treated at missii.1908
Prisoners Congo Free State (1905)
View Matadi
Guards and prisoners in Lukonge. 1906
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sian mereka |
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gila la kejam..nape kulit dia mcm kne cacah je |
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Post time 15-4-2014 04:54 PM
变色卡
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