|
|
Who is Pocahontas?
Pocahontas was an Indian princess, the daughter of Powhatan, the powerful chief of the Algonquian Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia. She was born around 1595 to one of Powhatan's many wives. They named her Matoaka, though she is better known as Pocahontas, which means "Little Wanton," playful, frolicsome little girl.
Pocahontas probably saw white men for the first time in May 1607 when Englishmen landed at Jamestown. The one she found most likable was Captain John Smith. The first meeting of Pocahontas and John Smith is a legendary story, romanticized (if not entirely invented) by Smith. He was leading an expedition in December 1607 when he was taken captive by some Indians. Days later, he was brought to the official residence of Powhatan at Werowocomoco, which was 12 miles from Jamestown. According to Smith, he was first welcomed by the great chief and offered a feast. Then he was grabbed and forced to stretch out on two large, flat stones. Indians stood over him with clubs as though ready to beat him to death if ordered. Suddenly a little Indian girl rushed in and took Smith's "head in her arms and laid her owne upon his to save him from death. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nie adalah cite dr versi puak Pocahontas sendiri -> Powhatan Tribe
In 1995, Roy Disney decided to release an animated movie about a Powhatan woman known as "Pocahontas". In answer to a complaint by the Powhatan Nation, he claims the film is "responsible, accurate, and respectful."
We of the Powhatan Nation disagree. The film distorts history beyond recognition. Our offers to assist Disney with cultural and historical accuracy were rejected. Our efforts urging him to reconsider his misguided mission were spurred.
"Pocahontas" was a nickname, meaning "the naughty one" or "spoiled child". Her real name was Matoaka. The legend is that she saved a heroic John Smith from being clubbed to death by her father in 1607 - she would have been about 10 or 11 at the time. The truth is that Smith's fellow colonists described him as an abrasive, ambitious, self-promoting mercenary soldier.
Of all of Powhatan's children, only "Pocahontas" is known, primarily because she became the hero of Euro-Americans as the "good Indian", one who saved the life of a white man. Not only is the "good Indian/bad Indian theme" inevitably given new life by Disney, but the history, as recorded by the English themselves, is badly falsified in the name of "entertainment".
The truth of the matter is that the first time John Smith told the story about this rescue was 17 years after it happened, and it was but one of three reported by the pretentious Smith that he was saved from death by a prominent woman.
Yet in an account Smith wrote after his winter stay with Powhatan's people, he never mentioned such an incident. In fact, the starving adventurer reported he had been kept comfortable and treated in a friendly fashion as an honored guest of Powhatan and Powhatan's brothers. Most scholars think the "Pocahontas incident" would have been highly unlikely, especially since it was part of a longer account used as justification to wage war on Powhatan's Nation.
Euro-Americans must ask themselves why it has been so important to elevate Smith's fibbing to status as a national myth worthy of being recycled again by Disney. Disney even improves upon it by changing Pocahontas from a little girl into a young woman.
The true Pocahontas story has a sad ending. In 1612, at the age of 17, Pocahontas was treacherously taken prisoner by the English while she was on a social visit, and was held hostage at Jamestown for over a year.
During her captivity, a 28-year-old widower named John Rolfe took a "special interest" in the attractive young prisoner. As a condition of her release, she agreed to marry Rolfe, who the world can thank for commercializing tobacco. Thus, in April 1614, Matoaka, also known as "Pocahontas", daughter of Chief Powhatan, became "Rebecca Rolfe". Shortly after, they had a son, whom they named Thomas Rolfe. The descendants of Pocahontas and John Rolfe were known as the "Red Rolfes."
Two years later on the spring of 1616, Rolfe took her to England where the Virginia Company of London used her in their propaganda campaign to support the colony. She was wined and dined and taken to theaters. It was recorded that on one occasion when she encountered John Smith (who was also in London at the time), she was so furious with him that she turned her back to him, hid her face, and went off by herself for several hours. Later, in a second encounter, she called him a liar and showed him the door.
Rolfe, his young wife, and their son set off for Virginia in March of 1617, but "Rebecca" had to be taken off the ship at Gravesend. She died there on March 21, 1617, at the age of 21. She was buried at Gravesend, but the grave was destroyed in a reconstruction of the church. It was only after her death and her fame in London society that Smith found it convenient to invent the yarn that she had rescued him.
History tells the rest. Chief Powhatan died the following spring of 1618. The people of Smith and Rolfe turned upon the people who had shared their resources with them and had shown them friendship. During Pocahontas' generation, Powhatan's people were decimated and dispersed and their lands were taken over. A clear pattern had been set which would soon spread across the American continent.
Chief Roy Crazy Horse
It is unfortunate that this sad story,
which Euro-Americans should find embarrassing,
Disney makes "entertainment" and perpetuates a dishonest and self-serving myth
at the expense of the Powhatan Nation. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
slogan Wild Wild West ...
Renegades, Rebels, & Rogues, the words to a popular Country & Western song, is just exactly what the twin territories of Oklahoma and the Indian Nations were full of in the later part of the 19th century. Known as the Robbers Roost, the territories became a safe haven for some of the old west's most desperate villains. With no law west of St. Louis and no God west of Fort Smith, Ark. the remnants of the Missouri Border Raiders and Texas Freebooters found the territories a safe place to conduct their illegal business from. Throw in the cowboys who were fast becoming extinct with the opening of the Oklahoma Territory to homesteaders and the invention of barb wire, and the homesteaders that sank every dime of their life's saving into the risky and often heartbreaking business of farming on the Oklahoma prairie, and you have an ample supply of desperate characters who were willing to attempt anything to acquire their fortunes.
To add fuel to the fire, there was only 1 federal court, at Fort Smith, AR., to administer justice in this lawless land. Supplied with over 200 marshal, and aided by the various Indian Tribal Police, they tried to keep order in the territories. Hampered by to few of marshals, lack of money, long distances, a sympathetic factor among the honest people for the gangs, and the rest of the honest people living in fear of reprisals from the gangs, the marshals were able to bring to justice most of these criminals.
Definition of The West:
These are the 22 Western States
that form the American West
(west of the Mississippi River).
p/s: kalau tau lebih lanjut leh pi website nih -> http://www.americanwest.com/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bila citer red indian ni teringat filem dances with wolves..lakonan kevin costner yg memenangi Academy Award tuh...best of the best tuh...and the last of the mohicans..satu lagik..
ps...ada puak sioux , apachee, cherokee, cheyenne, mohicans, tomahawks etc...
[ Last edited by seribulan on 19-8-2003 at 01:34 AM ] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
In 1865, Civil War hero Lt. John Dunbar asks to be reassigned to the western frontier before it disappears. At his isolated post he develops a relationship with the peaceful Lakota Sioux and a white woman who lives among them, finding greater kinship with them than with his own people.
TIDBITS
Directorial debut for Kevin Costner.
Won Best Picture and Best Director by the National Board of Review.
Box office gross was more than $175 million.
Filmed in South Dakota. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Originally posted by seribulan at 19-8-2003 01:32 AM:
bila citer red indian ni teringat filem dances with wolves..lakonan kevin costner yg memenangi Academy Award tuh...best of the best tuh...and the last of the mohicans..satu lagik..
ps...ada puak ...
a ah ... dances with wolves .. zaman kegemilangan kevin costner ..  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
prior to 1609: Mohicans roam lands from Manhattan Island to Lake Champlain, from the coast to the Housatonic River valley
1609: Henry Hudson sails down the Hudson River, encountering the Mohicans
1628-1675: at war with the Mohawks, decline of Mohican influence in the area
1675-1710: growth of English and Dutch colonies, infringing on Mohican hunting grounds, introducing tuberculosis and smallpox endemics....alcoholism appears amongst the indians... cultural losses begin...
1734: missionary work begins with the Mohicans settled in Stockbridge, Massachusetts
1776: Mohicans join the colonists in the revolutionary war
1785: resettlement to a 6 sq. mile piece of land offered by the Oneida Indians (Brothertown Indians) in NY state
1808: offer of land in Indiana Territory by the Miami Indians attested by President Jefferson
1818: Mohicans move to Indiana, but find that the land had been sold to settlers
1818-1821: settlement along the White River in Indiana; joined by Munsee Indians to form the Stockbridge-Munsee band of Mohican Indians
1821: treaties for land east of the Fox River in Wisconsin negotiated with the Menominee and Winnebago tribes
1831: new treaty offered by the US gov't for a reservation east of Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin
1843: Congress offers US citizenship to the Mohicans in exchange for surrendering tribal ownership of land
1849: Mohicans surrender the title to Wisconsin lands for $25,000 and promise of land west of the Mississippi...that land never materialized...
1856: a new treaty allotted land individually to US citizen Mohicans, the non-US citizen Mohicans settle on a new 40,000 acre reservation offered by the Menominees
1887-1910: loss of communally held lands due to consequences of the General Allotment Act of Congress through tax delinquency or debts
1910-1931: poverty stricken Mohicans remain in area surrounding the former reservation in the township of Red Springs
1931: The Stockbridge-Munsee Business Comittee is formed in Red Springs, Wisconsin leading to political activity amongst the Mohicans
1934: Indian Reorganization Act passed by Congress allowing tribes to purchase lands for reservations
1935: some of the land lost from the former reservation is repurchased for the tribe by the gov't ( 2,250 of the original 40,000 acres )
1936: 11 Mohican families resettle on newly purchased gov't controlled lands
1938: Tribal Council formed, title to the 2,250 acres is given to the tribe
1972: Mohicans given title to an additional 13,000 acres of adjoining land that had been in control of the Interior Dept. since 1935
Present day: the Mohican Nation, Stockbridge-Munsee Band with members on and off the reservation in east central Wisconsin is thriving. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
beckham pernah buat rambut mohican...begitu gak Misbun... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ok..thanx fly and bulan for a very informative info... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
oooo fly aje ye ...bad boy...hehehehheheh.... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
kalau nak tau lagi ... nanti Fly cuba carikan info ...
tp bg masa ler ...
rasa2 link native american tu mmg informative ... sebb diorg ada biography n history ketua2 chief diorg utk setiap puak .. short n simple ...
Fly sendiri pun tak abis nak baca ... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laaa...
Originally posted by valkries at 14-8-2003 11:53:
La...baru tau rupanya lagu Cochise yang kumpulan Audioslave nyanyi tu ambik sempena sorang pahlawan Red Indian..Cochise(1812-1874)
"You must speak straight so that your words may go as sun ...
Yer ker...?
[AURA] [EFEK] [NOTA]
Kena start kaji lirik ni... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hehehe...tendang balik topic ni...
Brader Ace..ini ada lirik lagu cochise tu....
"Cochise" - Audioslave
Well I've been watchin'
While you’ve been coughin'
I’ve been drinking life
While you’ve been nauseous
So I drink to health
While you kill yourself
And I’ve got just one thing
That I can offer
Go on and save yourself
And take it out on me
Go on and save yourself
And take it out on me, yeah
I'm not a martyr
I'm not a prophet
And I won't preach to you
But here's a caution
You better understand
That I won't hold your hand
But if it helps you, man
Then I won't stop it
Drown
If you want
And I'll see you
At the bottom
Where you crawl
On my skin
And put the blame on me
So you don’t feel a thing
memang tak sebut langsung pasal Cochise..tapi kenapa tajuk lagu dia Cochise..itu yang peliknya tu.. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andrea_Pirlo This user has been deleted
|
cochise tu nama pahlawan, erk?
pelik gak..sbb namer org red indian nie nama2 sifat binatang.. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Originally posted by Andrea_Pirlo at 29-8-2003 12:16 AM:
cochise tu nama pahlawan, erk?
pelik gak..sbb namer org red indian nie nama2 sifat binatang..
hmm .. Red Indian or American Native .. diorg nih lebih pd nature n tiap2 nama puak tuh berdasarkan karakter n sama gak ngan karakter2 setiap ahil dlm puak tuh .. karakter maksudnyer dr segi personaliti org tuh n dr segi sifat mental n fizikal ... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Post time 19-8-2003 12:41 AM
<- Gernonimo himself
Post time 19-8-2003 01:32 AM
Author
Post time 25-8-2003 05:28 AM
