Kedah, not Malacca, the oldest kingdom

salimrock

heroin nye ialah kenchana devi........

sayapghaib

Beza Kedah Tua dengan Gangga Nagara ialah Kedah masih wujud kesinambungan Negerinya(Negara) walaupun rajanya bertukar.Gangga Negara pula hilang ditelan zaman.Kedah Tua adalah kerajaan sebelum serangan Raja Chola dimana rajanya ditewaskan dan ditawan oleh Raja dari benua Kling tersebut.Selepas itu penduduk Kedah melantik raja yg baru(Merung Mahawangsa ataupun Maharaja Derbar Raja).Jadi bolehlah disimpulkan era Merung ataupun Derbar Raja ini adalah era yg baru bagi pemerintah Kedah.Negerinya tetap sama malah menjadi semakin kecil.

BotakChinPeng

sayapghaib posted on 10-11-2013 03:04 PM
Beza Kedah Tua dengan Gangga Nagara ialah Kedah masih wujud kesinambungan Negerinya(Negara) walaupun ...

dongeng serangan chola hanyalah dari catatan syok sendiri yang terpahat di bumi chola saja.
hakikatnya puak lembut itu tak pernah pun cuba berperang ddngan sriwijaya walaupun penduduk mereka berpuluh kali ganda lebih ramai.
malah empayar chola disahkan pula olah beberapa  dokumen rasmi kerajaan china yang sezaman sebagai telah ditakluk oleh sriwijaya.

berkenaan raja derbar dari bangsa belasahan (iran) pula ia hanya lamunan seorang pembesar kedah abad ke20.  tak ada langsung sumber rujukan sahih.

manakala hikayat merung mahawangsa dari awal lagi dah kantoi akibat meletakkan nabi sulaiman dan kerajaan rom dalam zaman yang sama

sepanjang lebihkurang 2000 tahun kewujudannya tak pernah terbukti bahawa  raja atau sultan kedah berbangsa bukan melayu kecuali gabenor dari ligor ketika penaklukan siam sejumlah lebihkurang 20 tahun di kurun ke 19

sayapghaib

BotakChinPeng posted on 10-11-2013 07:54 PM
dongeng serangan chola hanyalah dari catatan syok sendiri yang terpahat di bumi chola saja.
hakik ...

Ya saya berminat untuk mengetahui sejarah sebenar yg Tuan ketahui.Sejarah yg sebenar perlu dijulang

BotakChinPeng

sayapghaib posted on 12-11-2013 09:32 AM
Ya saya berminat untuk mengetahui sejarah sebenar yg Tuan ketahui.Sejarah yg sebenar perlu dijulan ...

Sebelum abad ke 7 Kedah hanya istimewa dari segi teknologi logamnya yang amat canggih. Selepas kurun ke 15 pula sejarah Kedah sedikit sebanyak  telah dilaporkan dengan agak terperinci oleh berbagai pihak. Maka sehingga kini kajian saya tertumpu kepada zaman kegemilangan Kedah dari kurun ke 7 hingga ke 15 kerana pihak sejarawan negara yang sekian lama diberi kepercayaan penuh untuk merungkai sejarah purbakala negara telah gagal memenuhi tangungjawab mereka.

Oleh kerana ia terlampau panjang saya hanya sempat melengkapakan hasil kajian saya dalam bahasa inggeris sahaja seperti tertera dalam topik baru di bawah ini. Harap tuan hamba tak kisah

Kedah Altered Its Imperial Name From Zabag to Java in mid 13th Century

mamaezah

salimrock posted on 6-11-2013 05:38 PM
Maaran Mahavamsan ialah merong mahawangsa?

jd Yusri  kru salah amik pelakon lah, patut nye dia am ...

adoi berayaq mata mama gelak...sampai boss geleng kepala!! salim salimmm tak pa lah..janji rock!!

BotakChinPeng

http://www.nst.com.my/life-times ... -bc-bricks-1.265774

HERITAGE: 380 BC bricks


Sg Batu, Kedah may be Southeast Asia’s oldest civilisation as new carbon dating results show, writes Subhadra Devan

.HE almost whispers to me, “380 BC, the results came two days ago”.

Amid my gasps of wonder, Universiti Sains Malaysia’s Prof Mokhtar Saidin stands calm in this oasis of early trade and civilisation in Southeast Asia.

Sited in Kedah’s Sungai Batu, a stone’s throw from the growing town of Sungai Petani, this new discovery is about an early — and we are now talking BC here — iron foundry and smelting area that covers 4-square-kilometres.

The Sg Batu site is part of an ancient archaeological area called Bujang Valley, also known as Kedah Tua, believed to be the earliest entrepot and religious centre in the country.

In 2007, USM’s Centre for Global Archaeological Research (CGAR) mapped out 97 sites in Sungai Batu, out of which 33 have been unearthed.

The excavations have revealed brick structures and some artefacts — beads, iron objects, iron slags, iron knives, tuyere and smelting areas.

The digs have uncovered signs of a nearby old river which lead to the Sungai Batu riverine network. The jetty, Prof Mokhtar believes, is 7km away. “But during 1 AD, that jetty was half a kilometre from the sea.”

It’s an innocuous area, set in an oil palm plantation, with a road to Butterworth running through it. Driving past is easily done, in a blink of an eye. All you can see are some red tents on either side of that particular stretch. Beneath the tents are piles of normal-looking bricks.

“This is the centre of Kedah’s Bujang Valley,” says Prof Mokhtar. “Our earlier digs have shown archeological findings dating 6 AD onwards.

“But Sg Batu reveals that people have used this site continuously from 4 BC to 14 AD.

“From such clear evidence and chronomatic dating, Sg Batu is the centre of iron trade and industry in Southeast Asia.

“And that’s not all, it’s multifunctional. We’ve evidence that it’s a port for the iron smelting industry, with some administrative buildings, amid this heavy industry. It’s a thriving community in one place, since 4 BC. This early society already had the technology of iron smelting.”

The radiocarbon dating of the charcoal samples found in the digs was done at Beta Analytic laboratory in Florida, the United States. Other dating methods used include OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence).

In 2011, the unique find of a monument, with a square sitting atop a circle was unearthed. The reverse (a circle structure atop a square) is the norm of ancient temples and monuments in Cambodia, India, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. One famous example is Angkor Wat in Cambodia which dates back to the 12th Century AD.

The candi (temples) in Indonesia like Borobodur are also of that period, while Myanmar’s Pagan site is said to be before 9th Century AD.

The Sg Batu monument and other findings were presented at an international conference in Kuala Lumpur.

Two weeks ago, Prof Mokhtar brushed away the red earth to reveal iron works dating from 50BC.

The 380 BC charcoal and clay bricks, found a mere 60cm from the surface, was on the other side of the road.

The CGAR team, which received a RM1 million grant this year, work at the site which is open to the public all year round.

With the help of the CGAR team, evidence of this ancient iron industry is clear in the tuyere (sometime called tu-iron) sticking out from the earth. To smelt metals, air (or oxygen) is blown or injected into the tube-like tuyeres into a furnace or hearth. This causes the fire to be hotter in front of the blast, enabling metals to be hot enough to be worked in a forge.

“Iron needs 1,000°C to melt. This area, according to southern Tamil tracts dating 200B C to 200 AD refer to a place in this part of Malaysia as Kataha. You know what that Sanskrit word means? Kuali Besi, iron pan. And we’ve found iron here dating 4BC.

“We feel there is a lingua franca link to another ancient civilisation called the Gandhara Kingdom (18 BC-11 AD).” That might well be another story.

In the meantime, CGAR has signed a memorandum of understanding with the University of Peshawar on archaelogical research and work. “The university’s department has done work on sites that are Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim and Christian. So it’s relevant to Sg Batu,” explains Prof Mokhtar.

According to the Commissioner of the Department of National Heritage, Prof Datuk Zuraina Abdul Majid, there is a plan to start a Sg Batu Archaelogical Gallery.

While it’s still at an early stage, she says in an email that on the drawing board is an exhibition gallery, auditorium and a small office.

“The exhibition aims to tell the history of the Bujang valley which began in Sg Batu and then spread to other areas in Kedah, for example Sg Mas and Pengkalan Bujang. The Archaelogical Gallery will hopefully be completed in 2015.”

For now, the curious who drop by Sg Batu will see the tuyeres, and lots of clay bricks believed to have been used for the construction of the smelting furnace. The excavation areas outlined include the tuyere, the furnace and iron slags areas.

“This is an intelligent people, with their own social hierarchy. They knew how to produce iron before 1 BC. It’s clear this was for export because we have found the ingot iron.”