no problem. saja nak tambahkan info dan kalau dapat, tarik ramai lagi orang untuk berminat dengan radio amatur. kerajaan malaysia memang galakkan ramai join radio amatur ni supaya boleh membantu dalam sebarang kecemasan...
Mrine VHF dah preset dia punya wave....channel 1 sampai 99. Channel 16 untuk default channel bila kita switch on unit tu. Channel 16 strictly utk kecemasan sahaja yang blh digunakan di serata tempat di seluruh dunia....itu yang aku tau
a'ah. preset channel yang dipersetujui secara antarabangsa tu mesti ada. radio amatur beroperasi dalam frekuensi yang ditetapkan. sama la macam marine vhf beroperasi sebegitu. walaupun frekuensi tidak sama, cuma mungkin cara berkomunikasi ada sedikit perbezaan saja.
kalau dalam radio amatur. cq cq cq (kalau guna kod morse) atau calling any stations atau memanggil mana-mana stesen/rakan. loud & clear = 5 & 9 ( merujuk kepada readability dan signal strength). tq = terimakasih je le
Why Do They Call Themselves "Hams"?
"Ham: a poor operator. A 'plug.'"
That's the definition of the word given in G. M. Dodge's "The Telegraph Instructor" even before there was radio. The definition has never changed in wire telegraphy. The first wireless operators were landline telegraphers who left their offices to go to sea or to man the coastal stations. They brought with them their language and much of the tradition of their older profession. In those early days, every station occupied the same wavelength-or, more accurately perhaps, every station occupied the whole spectrum with its broad spark signal. Government stations, ships, coastal stations and the increasingly numerous amateur operators all competed for time and signal supremacy in each other's receivers. Many of the amateur stations were very powerful. Two amateurs, working each other across town, could effectively jam all the other operations in the area. Frustrated commercial operators would refer to the ham radio interference by calling them "hams." Amateurs, possibly unfamiliar with the real meaning of the term, picked it up and applied it to themselves in true "Yankee Doodle" fashion and wore it with pride. As the years advanced, the original meaning has completely disappeared.
One of the things that attracts many people to the QRP facet of amateur radio is the thrill of using home made equipment and the experimentation that goes along with it. There are a whole host of tools and basic test equipment which are to be found in the seasoned constructor's workshop, but how does the beginner start? What are the basic requirements needed to start work on a few simple projects, kits etc? Below are some thoughts put together to try and suggest what equipment is needed for the beginner to acquire to start off with.
Cheap tools - Forget it. Buy the best quality of tools you can afford. It is a case of Buy Cheap, But Twice with tools. You get a cheap screwdriver, for example, attack a stubborn nut and what happens? The blade of the driver is ruined. If in doubt, consult a fellow amateur radio constructor or anyone who has been in the electronics trade, they will gladly help.
The Care of Tools etc - Take care of your new tools and they will last for years. Use the correct one for the job. If a Phillip's screw is to be tightened, use a Phillips screw driver, not a straight bladed one. Don't use pliers to tighten nuts, use a spanner etc made for the size of nut you are using.
Ensure tools are cleaned after use and stored safely.
The Basic Tool Kit
A selection of screw drivers
Small spanners
Pliers, large and small
Side cutters
Magnifying glass - invaluable for the tiny components used and those whose eyesight is less than perfect!
Selection of small metal files
Drill and metal bits
Soldering iron and stand
Trimming tools - for adjustment of coil ferrites
Cutting tools
Helping Hands - small stand with magnifying lens and two adjustable croc clips, ideal for PCBs etc.
One addition, not in the above list is my Most Essential Tool and that is a pair of surgeon's locking forceps, also known as Spencer Well's forceps or artery forceps. They are ideal for handling small components and can lock onto component wires, etc. Sometimes on sale at car boot sales (garage sales) and radio rallies - GET SOME! I couldn't manage without mine!
Soldering Irons - People vary in their advice for this important tool. There are many to choose from and you can acquire a good selection over the years. Just about all my work is done with an Antex 25 watts iron with about 1/8th inch a tip. I use this for all my work with ICs, transistors etc. Smaller lighter ones (12 watt for example) are useful occasionally, but the above is the type I personally would suggest. Make sure you have at least one spare tip for the iron - I get through about three a year! Whilst on the subject of soldering, use an electronic grade of solder from a know manufacturer and, most important clean the tip of solder and flux after use and at intervals during use. This will prolong the life of the tip. A suitable stand for the iron is a useful addition and can be home made by using a U-shape piece of aluminium with a notch cut out on which to rest the iron. Make sure solder splashes can't reach carpets etc! Also, use solder in a well ventillated room and do not breath in the fumes, which may be harmful.
Drills - I managed for years with a hand drill, which is, of course perfectly controllable, in contrast to some electric ones. However. a modern cordless drill is very useful and speeds can be adjusted by trigger action to suit the various jobs. Drill bits are expensive, but it is particulary true about trying Cheapo brands - don't! A small 12v hand drill is invaluable for drilling PCBs and again the same applies for the miniature bits used for this. Drilling PCBs soon blunts the tips but they can be re-sharpened easily. A small drill stand is almost mandatory here, but you can manage without, as I have done.
Cutting Tools - Various small saws are commonly used, including hacksaws and the junior version. I also use Stanley knives fitted with a removable saw blade. A pair of tin snips is handy and may be used, apart from metal work, for cutting printed circuit board. Incidentally, PCB can be 'cut' by scoring with a sharp tool, using a straight edge and by applying pressure against a right angle, such as a bench edge, it will break along the scored line. Various small files will be found useful as will a hand reamer for enlarging holes. In days gone by, we used chassis cutters for cutting valve holder holes, and these may still be useful to cut for holes meters, control knobs etc.
Working Surface - It is important to work on a well lit surface which will not be harmed when drilling and cutting (unlike the dining room table!) and I find that a nylon kitchen chopping board is as friendly as any surface for this purpose.
Dick, G0BPS has these as his most needed tools:
Fine soldering iron
Fine solder
Sidecutters
Multimeter
small vice
solder sucker
sharp knife
14lb hammer
The last item is for when it all goes 'orribly wrong.
(My local radio club has an award for home construction called the GOLDEN LUMP HAMMER AWARD - for the same reason as Dick's!
Meters - There is a huge selection of multimeters on the market ranging from simple to very exotic ones. The latter measure almost anything from DC, AC (volts, amps, ohms etc), frequency etc - almost any measurement you will need, except your inside leg! Analogue meters are perfectly adequate for most purposes, especially the old AVO range, but digital meters are now very popular and accurate. The addition of a simple RF probe makes any meter doubly useful for measuring RF, indicating oscillators are working (or not) and power measurement. I must add a circuit for one to my web page ...
Frequency meters are useful and now quite reasonably priced, but you can manage without initially - or know someone who has one. Another reason for joining the local club. Generally speaking though, I try not to lend out my tools, they sometimes fail to find their way home! GDO's (grid or gate dip oscilltors) are also very useful for checking tuned circuits and can be used as signal generators.
Receivers - Not really a tools maybe, but with a reasonable receiver, general coverage with SSB & CW capabilities will be found very handy, in fact essential for the constructor.
Here is Dave G0DJA's list of esentials for beginners:
25W Soldering Iron and Stand (avoids burning the table and carpets
Solder sucker
Pair of sidecutters
1 small and 1 large pair of pliers
Set of small screwdrivers, or one body with a set of different heads
1 larger plain screwdriver
1 larger crosshead screwdriver
PCB Drill and set of bits
Junior hacksaw
and a good toolbox to put then all in!
For test equipment, I would have an analogue multimeter rather than a digital. So many times what you want to do is look for peak or null readings and that can be difficult on a DMM. An analogue unit is great to use with a diode detector which, in my opinion, is the other essential piece of test equipment for building QRP gear. The next would be a frequency counter, although a good general coverage receiver is the next best thing.
I haven't used my GDO for a while now, although I do use it as an absorption wavemeter "from time to time" HI! I use an MFJ Antenna Analyser with a small add on probe for getting tuned circuits to resonate, I find it a lot easier to use than the GDO and it has a fairly accurate read out when compared with the reading shown on a frequency counter.
Here are some thoughts from Stephen, G0XAR:
Absolutely the best tool in my limited armoury is an old Weller Temperature Controlled soldering iron which my brother rescued out of a skip. It works well and I can solder everything from PCBs through to PL259s with ease. Second place goes to a 3 quid PlasPlugs wire stripper which I recently got from B&Q. It will strip and cut coax as well as mains cable and solid core telephone wire. Third place goes to a 4"" Jaw bench vise which I swapped for a bar of chocolate.
Test equipment: The first RX I built was a Sudden for 20 Meters. I could not get it to work. To de-bug it I needed a signal source. I purchased a kit from HOWES for an XTAL Calibrator. It was easy to make and went together first time. As well as providing a signal source it is a useful calibration aid. I used the calibrator to peak the coils on the Sudden and bingo it worked.
Obviously one needs a multi-meter. There was a huge box of seconds at Longleat, ex BT Digital jobs for 3 quid each. All the ones I tried seemed to work. Cosmetically they looked a bit rough.
Continuity Tester can also double as a code practice oscillator.
La nie banyak yang XYL ( istilah utk isteri org ) yg dah ada lesen. Contoh QSO husband and wife ada lesen. Bukan QSO yang sebenar hanya rekaan sahaja.
Husband : 9W2CEK ( callsign ciptaan nie )
Wife : 9W2CEQ ( biasa XYL suka letak Q kat belakang. Aku pun tak paham )
So ko bayangkan terdengar qso cam nie:
9W2CEQ : paging for 9W2CEK , 9W2CEQ calling and standing by.
9W2CEK : go head 9W2CEQ, 9W2CEK standing by
9W2CEQ : 9W2CEK, 9W2CWQ returning, pukul berapa nak sampai base station nie. Dah lama tunggu nasi pun dah sejuk.
atau
9W2CEQ : 9W2CEK, 9W2CWQ returning, pukul berapa nak sampai base station nie. Bang balik nanti singah beli ......... qsl ke bang? 9W2CEK, 9W@CEQ standing by.
PENGAMBILAN ANGGOTA SUKARELA SESI 2008
REJIMEN SEMBOYAN DIRAJA (AW)
Warganegara Malaysia yang berminat dan bersemangat waja serta ingin mendalami bidang ketenteraan dan perhubungan radio, adalah dipelawa menyertai Rejimen Semboyan Diraja Askar Wataniah dengan menyertakan butiran berikut:
1. Gambar passport x 4 keping
2. Kad Pengenalan x 3 salinan (saiz A4 di dalam satu muka)
3. Surat Beranak/Sijil Kelahiran x 3 salinan
4. Sijil-sijil Akademik x 3 salinan
5. Sijil Berhenti Sekolah x 3 salinan
Syarat kelayakan :
1. Klasifikasi kesihatan : FE (sihat tubuh badan)
2. Berumur sekurang-kurangnya 18 tahun dan ke 37 tahun
3. Sekurang-kurangnya lulus sijil Darjah Enam
Latihan :
1. Kelas Latihan Selasa dan Khamis : 1800
Step I
First get a ATX PC power supply from the nearest computer store. Price is around RM30-70.
Make sure it could supply sufficient current. Look at the label. We need at least 10-17amp at 12V for a sufficient operation of mobile rig. Lower Ampere rating means that your mobile rig cant transmit with a typical HiGH setting (50w).
Step 2
Look for ATX power connector. It should look like this.
Look for black and green wire at the ATX connector. The wire position is 4th from the top left side of the connector and 4th from the bottom right side from the connector as pictured above.
Cut the black and green wire. Trim all the other wires as we wont need them.
Tie both Black and Green wire together.
Connect both Green and Black wire to bypass the PC Power Supply unit. Insulate it with some tape. and switch on the power supply. If the fan is running, that means you抳e successfully completed this step!
Step 3.
Turn off the power supply. Look for HDD, CDROM power connector, as pictured above.
Cut all wire from the connector.
Separate 2 black wires and one yellow wire. Tie them together.
Look for an extra mobile rig power connector, this can be obtained from electronic shops or car accessories shop.
Connect the yellow wire to the positif terminal at the power connector as pictured above. Connect both blackwires together and put it to the negative terminal as picture above too.
Step 4
Cut all unnecessary wires, connector, and leave the power supply with just the rig power connector like this. It will look much more presentable and neatly prepared.
You can test the output voltage of this power supply by testing it with Voltmeter/Multimeter. Here you can see that the power supply output voltage is about 12V, which is suffiecient to power a mobile rig (13.8V +/- 15%).
Step 5
Finally, connect the power supply to your mobile rig to power it up. Enjoy your QSO!
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sebenarnya ini melanggar SOP dan kod etika hobi radio amatur.
tidak boleh masukkan unsur politik, seks, agama dan perkauman semasa memancar. juga tidak boleh masukkan unsur bersifat komersi.al atau dengan niat untuk mengaut keuntungan peribadi (seperti berniaga atau berpolitik).
sesapa berminat nak ambil RAE (Radio Amateur Examination), boleh mendaftar sekarang. tak mahal, RM60 saja. kelas akan diadakan (masih percuma lagi) untuk tolong anda bersedia. selain belajar, boleh berkenal dengan rakan-rakan baru. biasanya dalam 30-40 orang jugak yang akan ambik RAE, jadi tak la rasa bosan belajar sengsorang.
masa RAE nanti, ramai-ramai akan berkonvoi hantar kengkawan. siap ada polis escort lagi, kalau ada rakan polis yang bercuti masa tu.
Author
Post time 3-2-2008 01:31 PM
