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Benarkah orang Viking memeluk agama Islam?

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Post time 19-10-2017 03:16 PM | Show all posts |Read mode
Why did Vikings have 'Allah' embroidered into funeral clothes?

  • [size=0.875]12 October 2017





Image caption[size=0.875]One of the excavated fragments made from fine silk and silver thread discovered at the two Swedish sites, Birka and Gamla Uppsala
[size=1.125]Researchers in Sweden have found Arabic characters woven into burial costumes from Viking boat graves. The discovery raises new questions about the influence of Islam in Scandinavia, writes journalist Tharik Hussain.
[size=1.125]They were kept in storage for more than 100 years, dismissed as typical examples of Viking Age funeral clothes.
[size=1.125]But a new investigation into the garments - found in 9th and 10th Century graves - has thrown up groundbreaking insights into contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds.
[size=1.125]Patterns woven with silk and silver thread have been found to spell the words "Allah" and "Ali".
[size=1.125]The breakthrough was made by textile archaeologist Annika Larsson of Uppsala University while re-examining the remnants of burial costumes from male and female boat and chamber graves originally excavated in Birka and Gamla Uppsala in Sweden in the late 19th and mid-20th centuries.

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[size=1.125]She became interested in the forgotten fragments after realising the material had come from central Asia, Persia and China.
[size=1.125]Larsson says the tiny geometric designs - no more than 1.5cm (0.6in) high - resembled nothing she had come across in Scandinavia before.
[size=1.125]"I couldn't quite make sense of them and then I remembered where I had seen similar designs - in Spain, on Moorish textiles."
Unlocking a puzzle
[size=1.125]Larsson then realised she was not looking at Viking patterns at all but ancient Arabic Kufic script.
[size=1.125]There were two words that kept recurring. One of them she identified with the help of an Iranian colleague. It was the name "Ali" - the fourth caliph of Islam.
[size=1.125]But the word next to Ali was more difficult to decipher.

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[size=1.125]To unlock the puzzle, she enlarged the letters and examined them from all angles, including from behind.
[size=1.125]"I suddenly saw that the word 'Allah' [God] had been written in mirrored lettering," she says.
Image caption[size=0.875]Enlarging the patterns and looking at the reflection in a mirror revealed the word 'Allah' (God) in Arabic
[size=1.125]Larsson has so far found the names on at least 10 of the nearly 100 pieces she is working through, and they always appear together.
[size=1.125]The new find now raises fascinating questions about the grave's occupants.
[size=1.125]"The possibility that some of those in the graves were Muslim cannot be completely ruled out," she says.
[size=1.125]"We know from other Viking tomb excavations that DNA analysis has shown some of the people buried in them originated from places like Persia, where Islam was very dominant.
[size=1.125]"However, it is more likely these findings show that Viking age burial customs were influenced by Islamic ideas such as eternal life in paradise after death."
Image caption[size=0.875]A museum display gives a sense of what the Viking woman's boat grave in Gamla Uppsala may have looked like - similar to the tombs the fragments were found in
[size=1.125]Her team is now working with the university's department for immunology, genetics and pathology to establish the geographic origins of the bodies dressed in the funeral clothes.
Historic first
[size=1.125]Contact between the Viking and Muslim worlds has long been established by historic accounts and the discovery of Islamic [size=1.125]coins across the northern hemisphere.
[size=1.125]Two years ago, researchers re-examined a silver ring from a female tomb at Birka and found the phrase "for Allah" inscribed on the stone.
[size=1.125]Again the text was Kufic, developed in the Iraqi town of Kufah in the 7th Century - one of the first Arabic scripts used to write down the Koran.
[size=1.125]What makes Larsson's discovery so interesting is that it is the first time historic items mentioning Ali have ever been unearthed in Scandinavia.
Image copyrightGABRIEL HILDEBRAND/ THE SWEDISH HISTORY MUSEUMImage caption[size=0.875]A Viking ring with a Kufic inscription saying "for Allah" was found inside a 9th Century woman's grave in Birka two years ago
[size=1.125]"The name Ali is repeated again and again beside Allah," she says.
[size=1.125]"I know Ali is highly revered by the largest Muslim minority group, the Shia, and have wondered if there is a connection."
[size=1.125]Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, having married his daughter Fatima. He also became the fourth leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad died.
[size=1.125]Although both Sunnis and Shia revere Ali as an important companion of Muhammad, he has elevated status amongst the Shia, who see him as the Prophet's spiritual heir.
[size=1.125]"The use of Ali does suggest a Shia connection," says Amir De Martino, programme leader of Islamic studies at the Islamic College in London.
[size=1.125]"But without the phrase 'waly Allah' accompanying the name - meaning 'friend of Allah' - this would not be from mainstream Shia culture and might just have been copied wrongly from something that was," adds De Martino, who is also the chief editor of Islam Today, a British Shia magazine.
[size=1.125]"The pattern suggests Ali is being equated with Allah, and therefore there is a slim possibility it has some connection to very early, extreme, mystical fringe movements who believed in this
[size=1.125]"But more likely it is a wrongly copied pattern."
Image caption[size=0.875]Inscriptions on the ceiling of an Alevi mausoleum in Bulgaria feature - on the right - the names Allah, Muhammad and Ali written in legible, simple Arabic while on the left there is a blue mystic pattern with the three names interlocked
[size=1.125]The names Allah and Ali are often represented in enigmatic patterns inside the tombs and books of mystical Shia sects such as the Alevis and Bektashis to this day, but always they are accompanied by the name Muhammad. These can sometimes include mirrored script.
[size=1.125]But unlike Larsson's find, these examples usually include both the name depicted the correct way around and the reflection.
[size=1.125]For Larsson though, her discovery offers much promise for the future.
[size=1.125]"Now that I am looking at Viking patterns differently, I am convinced I will find more Islamic inscriptions in the remaining fragments from these excavations, and other Viking era textiles.
[size=1.125]"Who knows? Maybe they appear in non-textile artefacts too."
[size=1.125]Tharik Hussain is a London-based freelance journalist, travel writer and broadcaster who specialises in Muslim heritage.

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Post time 19-10-2017 03:26 PM | Show all posts
Islam syiah gaknya
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:16 PM | Show all posts

perlu ke komen ni?  sebelum ni saya hormat tuan walaupun lain2 haluan.   
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:18 PM | Show all posts
zorrro_03 replied at 19-10-2017 04:16 PM
perlu ke komen ni?  sebelum ni saya hormat tuan walaupun lain2 haluan.

kenapa sentap?
shia juga agama islam
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:31 PM | Show all posts
shia labeouf tu
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:43 PM From the mobile phone | Show all posts
batmana replied at 19-10-2017 04:31 PM
shia labeouf tu

Hihih. Good one
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:44 PM From the mobile phone | Show all posts
Syiah pun syiah lah. Asalkan tak kafir terus. Gerenti masuk neraka
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Post time 19-10-2017 04:48 PM | Show all posts
kan ada cerita pelakun latin tu apa nama eh..jap aku try recall...

ooo citer tu lama sgt...pasal hantu dari pergunungan then this guy from emriate arab bersatu ..pelakon zorro tu dia jadi hero tolong org viking lawan hantu2 dari pergunungan tu..so..relate to this matter..memang ada rekod pasal islam dan viking.

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Post time 19-10-2017 05:04 PM | Show all posts
zorrro_03 replied at 19-10-2017 04:16 PM
perlu ke komen ni?  sebelum ni saya hormat tuan walaupun lain2 haluan.

aiiii gurau pun tak lehhh
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Post time 19-10-2017 05:17 PM From the mobile phone | Show all posts
Tak mustahil sbb sejarah skrg byk yg fake.. kebenaran yg cuba dipadamkan tp bukti yg jumpa akan membongkar penipuan sejarah
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Post time 19-10-2017 06:22 PM | Show all posts
Edited by ninja boy at 19-10-2017 06:28 PM
rospinki replied at 19-10-2017 04:48 PM
kan ada cerita pelakun latin tu apa nama eh..jap aku try recall...

ooo citer tu lama sgt...pasal  ...

itu film the 13th warrior  based on the novel Eaters of the Dead by Michael Crichton

Eaters of the Dead: The Manuscript of Ibn Fadlan Relating His Experiences with the Northmen in AD 922 (later republished as The 13th Warrior to correspond with the film adaptation of the novel) is a 1976 novel by Michael Crichton. The story is about a 10th-century Muslim Arab who travels with a group of Vikings to their settlement.
Crichton explains in an appendix that the book was based on two sources. The first three chapters are a retelling of Ahmad ibn Fadlan's personal account of his actual journey north and his experiences with and observations of Vikings (probably from Sweden). The remainder is based upon the story of Beowulf.
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Post time 19-10-2017 06:26 PM | Show all posts
hbis kira islam dah pupus di kalangan viking la ye
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Post time 19-10-2017 07:46 PM | Show all posts
dizzzek replied at 19-10-2017 12:18 AM
kenapa sentap?
shia juga agama islam

Kan, syiah juga pergi haji.

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Post time 19-10-2017 09:29 PM | Show all posts
zorrro_03 replied at 19-10-2017 12:16 AM
perlu ke komen ni?  sebelum ni saya hormat tuan walaupun lain2 haluan.

Kamu ni sememangnya berhati busuk! Dalam jiwa kamu yang kekononya suchi bersih tu penuh dengan perasaan dengki dan iri hati...kemudian asik tersentap kehulu kehilir!

Cuba kamu cermin muka kamu tu..sebelum nak attack or tegur orang lain!
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Post time 19-10-2017 11:21 PM From the mobile phone | Show all posts
Ayaaaa syiah
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Post time 19-10-2017 11:45 PM | Show all posts
hahahaaaa....

hari tu terbaca kat soc med .. red indian kat US dah memeluk isle sejak tahun 1800an lagi ....
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Post time 20-10-2017 10:06 PM | Show all posts
dizzzek replied at 19-10-2017 04:18 PM
kenapa sentap?
shia juga agama islam

Ye laaa.  Tak perlu pun menganjing kan...  Lagi pula ramai yang mazhab tersebut di rantau sana.  Pelik kadang2 dengan person yang tidak tahu respect.
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Post time 20-10-2017 10:11 PM | Show all posts

Jangan laa gini.  Banyak sgt pihak menganjing. Tak baik dan tak bagus untuk tujuan dakwah dan pembangunan masyarakat.
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Post time 20-10-2017 10:17 PM | Show all posts
FOTHER-MUCKER replied at 19-10-2017 09:29 PM
Kamu ni sememangnya berhati busuk! Dalam jiwa kamu yang kekononya suchi bersih tu penuh dengan per ...

Kenapa kah kamu tidak menggunakan mn kingzir itu?    Kamu sebelum suruh orang lain gunakan cermin dan kata orang lain busuk hati, cuba letak cermin dan busuk itu terhadap diri kamu sendiri. Sial punya king....
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Post time 24-10-2017 02:51 PM | Show all posts
Edited by rospinki at 24-10-2017 02:52 PM
ninja boy replied at 19-10-2017 06:22 PM
itu film the 13th warrior  based on the novel Eaters of the Dead by Michael Crichton

Eaters of  ...

akak baru habis tengok citer ni blik..tertiba tapi memang betullah asalnya 13th warrior digarap dari buku penulis asal Arab penceritaan perjalanan menuju Turki, Rusia pada awal 921 ad. then mixed with few other story.

ada satu babak viking tu ckp kt Arab (antonio banderas) " Go hide in a hole if you wish, but you won't live on instant longer..your fate is fixed, fear profit a man nothing" ..perghhh mendalam ayat ni.

sebenarnya hanya sebahagian kisah diambik dari perjalanan Arab tu..the real book lagi adventure and penuh cabaran kena cari buku asal " The Message of Ibn Fadlan" dari situ terselit kisah penyebaran Islam cuba disampaikan dikalangan Viking..maybe ada yg menerima islam tapi sejarah lama dah dipadam oleh pihak yg lebih berkuasa.


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