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转:国阵挥霍 国家破产

Hot 10Viewed 3280 times25-3-2012 05:08 AM |

国阵挥霍 国家破产



2012 年财政预算案出炉,一如经济学者的预测,首相兼财政部长纳吉提呈了一份大选预算案,除了大派糖果,也为了刺激疲弱的国内经济,不得不采取财政宽松政策,推行扩张式的预算案,也就是继续挥霍,大洒金钱。

纳吉政府在 2012 年推出史上最大规模的预算案,总额高达 2 千 328 亿令吉,比去年高出 9.4%。
其中,营运开销占了 78%(1千816亿令吉),发展开销只占了区区的 22%(512亿令吉),而预测收入只有 1 千 869 亿令吉,这意味着国阵政府又再一次 “先用未来钱”,至今已连续 14 年推行赤字财政。

所谓水涨船高,连续 14 年的入不敷出使得赤字总额继续攀升,换句话来说就是债台高筑。
至 2011年,马来西亚的国债已接近 4 千 372 亿令吉,平均每个国人包括刚出世的婴孩都背负了 1 万 5 千令吉的债务。
政府欠债,买单的是全民。纳吉政府为了讨选民欢心及纾缓人民因生活压力而发出的怨言,不惜扩张消费,欠债累累还继续挥霍,迟早令马来西亚成为破产国!

国债2020年或到1兆

说马来西亚迟早破产并不是一个玩笑,若延续国阵惯性挥霍又不懂得储蓄的劣习,再翻回其以往的 “消费纪录”,马来西亚绝对有可能成为破产国!智库义腾研究中心(Refsa)指出,若根据现今的趋势预测,马来西亚的国债在 2020 年或会攀升至一兆令吉,这是一个天文数字!

自 2004 年至 2011 年,我国的债务从 2 千 170 亿令吉增加至 4 千 372 亿令吉,在短短 6 年半内足足翻了近一倍,比独立后 47 年的债务总数还来得高。若中央政府的债务在随后每年以 500 亿令吉的速度增长,到了2020 年就会达到一兆令吉,那可是 12 个 “0” 的天文数字。假设必须为一兆令吉付 5% 利息,也相等于 500 亿令吉,近乎是整个捷运系统的成本,这只是利息,我们尚未开始真正还债!

我国有接近 2 千 900 万人口,其中 1 千 200 万人是劳动人口,当中只有区区 170 万人达到缴税阶级。若一兆令吉国债由这 170 万名纳税者承担,每人可要背负 59 万令吉!
我国有 80% 家庭的收入是低于 2 千 500 令吉,加上石油储量越来越少,难以想像要如何还清这笔巨债。连续 14 年赤字后若再不有所改变,马哈迪的 2020 年宏愿最终变成破灭的梦想。

营运开销应被削减

马来西亚理应是国泰民安,为何大部分人都要受苦呢?
事实上,中央政府债务是因为国阵胡乱挥霍、照顾朋党、没有监督与制衡而导致的。
庞大的公务员体制、不严谨采购及没有公开招标,还有照顾朋党企业等,都是造成营运开销逐年膨胀,甚至占了总开销近八成的主因。

举个明显例子,2010 年是全球走出衰退谷底后经济反弹的一年,也没有面对如 2008 年的粮食与石油价格飙涨危机,也不是大选年,可是,纳吉政府却超支 139 亿令吉,是过去十年来第二高的超支水平,也导致赤字提高至 5.6%,比原本预测的 5.3% 来得高。同样的,到了 2011 年,纳吉政府在首三个月就为 2011 年的财政预算追加 132 亿令吉的额外预算开销,导至原本的 1 千 628 亿令吉预算营运开销,增加至 1 千 760 亿令吉。

在追加拨款的项目中,竟然出现政府部门日常营运开销和已宣布的项目,因“遗漏”而必须通过附加供应法案来追加拨款,这凸显国阵政府没有财政纪律。由此可见,中央政府必须着手改善财政纪律,杜绝朋党及贪污风气,必能省下许多不必要的开销,而非拿人民来开刀! 

国阵糖果不可信

① “我的首间房屋计划” 下的屋价提高至 40 万令吉?

由于早前定下的 22 万令吉房价引起非议,政府才提高至 40 万令吉。然而,只提高屋价而非提高人民的收入是无济于事的,这会使发展商趋于兴建 40 万令吉的屋子。若购屋者申请 100% 贷款,分 30 年摊还,加上利息每月供款就超过 2 千令吉。国家银行指南是以申请者收入三分一为准,即使是双薪家庭,低于 6 千令吉还是无法承担,而且会减少手头上的钱,难以承担其他生活开销。这项政策不只会加重人民负担,也无法控制房产价。

② 房地产业两年内脱售征 10% 盈利税?

这项政策美其名是要抑制炒楼活动来平稳房产价,事实上区区的 10% 盈利税是无法发挥作用。大马购屋者协会认为,10% 盈利税难以控制我国的房地产投机活动,因发展商一般不允许购屋者在房屋未建成前出售,待建好后已有两三年,再转售也只会被征收 5% 盈利税,该协会认为政府应恢复 1976 年产业盈利税法案,两年内脱售须缴 30% 税。

③ 拨出 9 亿 7 千 800 万令吉进行 5 个区域的走廊计划(Wilayah Corridor)?

政府会否在这发展这些走廊计划时进行公开招标程序,是否会透明行事、确保不会变成另一宗巴生自贸区舞弊丑闻?人民是否能直接从这些计划中受惠,还是只利惠朋党企业?

④ 拨出 4 千万令吉设立 85 间 “一个马来西亚商店”?

平均每间商店需要 47 万令吉成本,这只是羊毛出在羊身上,目前,只有迈丁(Mydin)集团拥有 “一马商店” 的经营权,“一马商店” 的货器都比市价来得便宜 30% 至 50%,这种经营手法实际上会破坏市场,严重打击小贩小商的生意。此外,大马杂货商联合会也指称该会获得许多消费者投诉 “一马商店” 出售的货品素质欠佳,更引起外界非议。 

⑤ 德士司机获得各种扣税及优惠?

政府声称要减轻廉价德士业者和出租车负担,宣布废除国产德士销售税、更换旧德士者可获援助金等政策,可是,政府并没有提及德士执照被垄断问题。事实上,国内德士大部分是由德士公司所拥有,再把德士转租给司机。政府应该停止这种垄断模式,把执照直接颁发给司机,让他们自己当老板,无须受困于德士公司,从而提升德士的服务素质,而非只推出各种表面的优惠。

⑥ 雇主为员工缴13%公积金?

雇主为薪水低于 5 千令吉的员工缴交公积金率,从现有 12% 调高至 13%,这将加重许多中小型业者的负担。公积金率虽被提高,但公积金局是否能给予会员更高的红利呢?自 2011 年开始,公积金每年派息都只徘徊于 5%,其 25% 资金都借给这个挥霍的政府,人民的血汗钱会被掏空吗?

⑦ 拨出 1 亿令吉作中小型企业重整基金?

要维持经济长期成长,必须依靠民间投资,但我国的私营企业记录太差,在 110 亿令吉至 130 亿令吉间的投资中,政府投资占了 60%,更显民间投资一蹶不振。政府在这方面只拨出区区 1 亿令吉,实在是微不足道。

⑧ 宣布 5 项大道计划?

事实上,国阵政府于去年已宣布发展 6 项大道计划,至今未有任何一项被落实,如今再推出 5 个计划,最终会否真正落实还是沦为空谈?

⑨ 发展吉隆坡国际金融中心豁免所得税10年?

国阵政府在过去发展过许多区域性的计划,包括多媒体超级走廊、电子村及生物谷等,可是都是失败的计划,在人才外流问题日渐严重情况下,政府要如何确保这项计划会成功?

⑩ 拨款给各源流学校包括华淡小及宗教学校?

我国的教育制度不只面对学校不足问题,尤其是华淡小更同时面对师资严重不足问题,但国阵政府却只拨款来提升硬体设备,没有提及师资问题,民联则建议拨出 2 亿令吉来提升师资。

止痛药治标不治本

纳吉政府的大选预算案看似充满甜头,其实对我国经济问题只是治标不治本,就如给人吃止痛药般,只能短暂性止痛,药效过后依旧疼痛。纳吉在预算案内没有提及如何提高国家及人民的收入、没有谈透明化施政、公开招标程序,也没有提出如何削减及监管政府开支的指南。

《华尔街日报》也批评纳吉的财政预算案充满 “派糖果” 气氛,旨在为大选铺路,与其提倡透过经济改革来带动成长的说法大相径庭。该报也狠批纳吉派发只有暂时效应的糖果及税务优惠,以及扩大福利开支,这些做法对提高大马的竞争力毫无帮助。当中有多项优惠及政策其实形如杯水车薪,对纾缓经济压力起不了作用,甚至只是浪费钱,无法根治问题。国阵在财政预算案中大派糖果,如把公共资源作为政党私人财产来为自己包装,却没有整顿国家经济。

公务员体制应瘦身

130 万公务员大军的薪金占了 2011 年预算营运开销的 28.7%,也就是 520 亿令吉,退休金则预计需要 120 亿令吉(6.6%),总计起来就有 640 亿令吉(35.3%)。在 2011 年预算案中,两者的总数为 579 亿令吉,意味着 2012 年公务员薪金及退休金的预算总数足足比 2011 年多了 61 亿令吉!

这证明了纳吉政府没有重新调整现有公共领域中人力过剩的问题,反而继续在经济与政府转型计划下,不断增设各种委员会和政府机构来执行转型任务,公务员薪资及退休金开支预料只增不减。这类营运开支已变成结构性问题,难以削减,若不加以控制,政府就无法拥有足够资金来进行发展,只能继续发债券来借钱支撑发展项目,这只会提高赤字。

注:部分资料取自智库义腾研究中心及独立新闻在线网

国阵乱花钱纪录

* 反贪会于2012年的拨款增加了 2 亿 1 千 100 万令吉
反贪会获得如此庞大的拨款,有提高打击贪污的效率吗?确保不会再有人命伤亡事故发生?

* FBC公关媒体公司获 9 千 400 万令吉
纳吉把纳税人的钱当作国阵的财产,用来聘请私人公司为自己做 “美化及包装” 工作?

* 正副首相官邸开销达 1 千 200 万令吉
单单一年水费及电费就分别需要 16 万令吉及 6 万 6 千令吉!

*首相到哈萨克斯坦访问花了 100 万令吉
纳吉虽说这是官访,但却碰巧遇上其女儿在该国的订婚典礼,纯属巧合吗?

*在 709 大集会上花了 200 万令吉,纯粹为了对付手无寸铁的人民
当天警方共 1 万 1 千名警员逮捕了 1 千 700 名参与集会者,还消耗了不少催泪弹,最后却声称大集会只有 6 千人参与,那为何大费周章?


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