Montessori Philosophy

adlismel

Assalamualaikum dan Salam Sejahtera

Adli nak minta tolong sesiapa yang ada belajar Montessori Model and Montessori Philosophy boleh tak terangkan apakah kedua dua benda nie..


TQ

mysara

yg dpt sara kongsi... ermmm setahu sara, konsep montessori nih popular utk pendidikan kanak2 prasekolah

Origin
In 1897, Maria Montessori joined the staff of the University of Rome as a voluntary assistant. One of her responsibilities is what led her to develop her educational philosophy. She was to visit asylums for the insane where she came across feebleminded children, unable to function in schools or families. Montessori found the children very responsive to doing work with their hands and bodies. In 1901 she returned to the University of Rome with a desire to study the mind instead of the body. In 1904 she was offered a job teaching as the professor of anthropology at the University of Rome. She accepted but in 1906 gave the job up to work with sixty young children of working families. Her work was so successful that even learning disabled children began to pass examinations for normal children. With these sixty children she started a "Children's House" in San Lorenzo Rome. This children's home was an environment that offered the children the opportunity to develop their activities (Kramer, 1976). She began to notice how the children absorbed knowledge almost effortlessly from their surroundings which helped inspire her lifelong pursuit of educational reform.

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Philosophy
The Montessori method is described as a way of thinking about who children are. As a philosophy, it emphasizes the unique individuality of each child, it also emphasizes that children are distinctly different than adults in the way they develop and think, that they aren't just "adults in small bodies". Dr. Montessori believed in children's rights and the worth, value and importance of children . Comparisons to norms and standards measured by traditional educational systems are discouraged in Montessori practice, it is expected that some children will master some skills slower than others, and some skills faster. Instead, Montessori adherents believe that children should be free to succeed and learn without restriction or criticism. Dr. Montessori believed that rewards and punishments for behavior were damaging the inner attitudes of children and also people.

As an educational approach, the Montessori method's central focus is on the needs, talents, gifts, and special individuality of each child. The child controls the pace, topic and repetition of lessons independent of the rest of the class or of the teacher. Children who experience the joy of learning are believed to be happy, confident, and fulfilled.

Additional important skills emphasized by the Montessori method are self-reliance and independence. Independence is encouraged by teaching a child "practical life" skills, Montessori preschool children learn to dress themselves, help cook, clean, put their toys and clothes away and take an active part of their household, neighborhood and school. Montessori education carried through the elementary and high school years begins to encourage more group work but still relies on the student as the guide and guardian of his or her own intellectual development.

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Pedagogy
instruction of children in 3-year age groups, corresponding to sensitive periods of development (example: Birth-3, 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 years old with an Erdkinder program for early teens)
children as competent beings, encouraged to make small and large decisions
observation of the child in the environment as the basis for ongoing curriculum development (presentation of subsequent exercises for skill development and information accumulation)
child-sized furniture and creation of a child-sized environment (microcosm) in which each can be competent to produce overall a self-running children's world
parent participation to include basic and proper attention to health screening and hygiene as a prerequisite to schooling
delineation of a scale of sensitive periods of development, which provides a focus for class work that is appropriate and uniquely stimulating and motivating to the child (including sensitive periods for language development, sensorial experimentation and refinement, and various levels of social interaction)
the importance of the "absorbent mind," the limitless motivation of the young child to achieve competence over his or her environment and to perfect his or her skills and understandings as they occur within each sensitive period. The phenomenon is characterized by the young child's capacity for repetition of activities within sensitive period categories (Example: exhaustive babbling as language practice leading to language competence).
self-correcting "auto-didactic" materials (some based on work of Itard and Seguin)
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Implementation
Montessori lessons work in a methodical way. Each step leads directly to a new level of learning or concept. When a child plays, he or she is really learning the basis for later concepts. Repetition of activities is considered an integral part of this learning process. Children are encouraged to repeat activities as often as they wish until they tire of them.

For young children, Montessori is a hands-on approach to learning. It encourages children to develop their observation skills by doing many types of activities. These activities include use of the five senses, kinetic movement, spatial refinement, small and large motor skill coordination, and concrete knowledge that leads to later abstraction.

For a primary education-stage child Montessori encourages a child to proceed at his or her own pace onto abstract thinking, writing, reading, science, mathematics and most importantly, to absorb his or her culture and environment. Culture is defined to include interaction with nature, art, music, religion, societal organizations, and customs. Many modern Montessori schools will also include studies of foreign cultures and languages. These cultural lessons are used to introduce concepts that will be used in reading comprehension, especially the use of nomenclature cards with both labels and pictures.

A Montessori teacher or instructor observes each child like a scientist, providing every child with an individual program for learning. Some adults are put off by some Montessori teachers' manners

mysara

Montessori is an educational philosophy and method developed by Dr. Maria Montessori, the first woman to graduate from the University of Rome Medical School in 1896. She applied her scientific training to studying children and to developing materials and a method that would allow children to cultivate their own natural desire to learn.

In the Montessori classroom it is our goal to accomplish this in two ways: first, children experience the joy of learning by freely choosing activities from a variety of areas and levels and second, by helping them perfect their natural tools for learning, the senses, by use of scientifically designed materials. In the prepared environment, children are free to discover their own true nature as they experience the love of learning, learn by doing and become independent, responsible thinkers.

Ann Culhane
Executive Vice President of Education
Owner of Montessori School of Agoura
Agoura Hills, CA

Foxey

yang fox tau ni ada kaitan dengan educating children...

KakFie

dah panjang lebar dah sara post.  

mysara

sara tak berkesempatan utk mempelajari kaedah montessori nih.. tapi kawan sara yg ambil course pendidikan awal kanak2.. mmg wajip tau mende nih :ah:

KakFie

Tentang squabbles within montessorian dalam artikel yang sara post tu.....one of those yang tak berapa setuju dengan pure montessori ni adalah anak kepada Maria Montessori himself.  Sebab Maria Montessori walaupun tidak dapat dinafikan banyak contribute to the development of early childhood education tetapi anak dia diabaikan.  Anak dia tubuhkan Montessori training yang lain.

Walaubagaimanapun pedagogigal philosophy dia memang bagus.  Basis kepada montessori philosophy boleh diambik dari  kata-kata dia

" The goal of early childhood education should be to cultivate the child's own natural desire to learn"

Kalau rajin baca buku carilah buku :

The Essential Montesssori : Introduction to the woman, the writings, the methods and the movements by Elizabeth G Hainstock.  - nipis je buku ni.

Kalau lagi-lagi rajin nak baca cari buku Maria Montessori - the Montessori Method - agak tebal.

mysara

hahaha... laaa.. sibuk2 ibunya nak educate anak org.. anak sendiri terabai
sara rasa lar.. ada baiknya kalu kita ada idea nak develope teori atau pendekatan ttg anak2 baik aplikasikan pada anak sendiri

adlismel

Kan ada 5 philosophy montessori yang penting dalam preschool...

1. Environment
2. autoeducation
3. sensitive period
4. freedom
5. absorbent mind

Jadi.. blehtak huraikan seba sedikit tentang philisophy tersebt.

TQ

seribulan

sorry...can't be of assistance...

honeybee1802

i like the montessorian idea nih...but i think we need to implement with a blend of something else jugak gak.montessori enable children to use all their sense...which is believe to optimize their development.
regards on sara nyer comment..dunno why..but it's alwiz like that.i've known someone is like that oso here...susah nak jd perfect nih..