~MERGED~ Alexander The Great & Iskandar Zulkarnain

HangPC2

Originally posted by JUSTcircle at 15-12-2004 03:08 PM:

braveheart? lakonan saper? citer pasal aper?

citer braveheart punya banyak dah tukar sejarah..

JUSTcircle

Originally posted by HangPC2 at 16-12-2004 10:57 PM:


citer braveheart punya banyak dah tukar sejarah..

byk sgt ker? alah...lantaklah..asalkan filem tuh bagus... tapi, jgn citer hampeh mcm alexander nih plak...mcm :siok: jer...

tapi, sbb filem yg rosakkan sejarah nilah yg buat budak2 sekolah x dapat score sejarah!!!!! sekali2 ngan akulah tuh!!

aku sejarah selalu dpt A kat skolah
minat betul

JUSTcircle

Originally posted by bug_vengeance at 17-12-2004 03:37 AM:
aku sejarah selalu dpt A kat skolah
minat betul

wah...baguslah kalo camtuh..aku plak mmg minat dengar cerita sejarah...tapi x menghafal sejarah..so, dgn itu..score sejarah aku selalu x dapat A..lol

yg pasti alexander the great bukan Iskandar Dzulkarnain....

HangPC2

Originally posted by bug_vengeance at 17-12-2004 03:37 AM:
aku sejarah selalu dpt A kat skolah
minat betul

aku pun samer

JUSTcircle

wah..kira hebat gak korg2 ni eh? score A tok sejarah...aku x pernah A..paling bagus B..TU pun B-..

sejarah ni seronok
sbb bile ko baca buku sejarah tu,rasa mcm ko baca buku cerita
psl tu aku suke ulangkaji sejarah

JUSTcircle

oOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoOoooo...terima kasih keran a memberikan aku nasihat...

Romicopa

Bagi saya,  Iskandar Zulkarnain tu adalah panggilan Melayu bagi Alexander the Great seperti di dalam buku Sejarah Melayu.   Bandar Iskandariah kat Mesir tu adalah mengambil sempena nama Alexander the Great (org Mesir panggil Alexander as Iskandar) ada 3 lagi tempat/bandar lain di dunia asia minor persia and greco-roman yg nama alexanderia, bukan hanya di egypt.   

But be mindful that dalam Quran...tak de pun disebut "iskandar" cuma disebut Dzulkar-nain.  thus iskandar zulkarnain and Dzulkar-nain dlm AlQuran for me is totally different except that they share the same name of iskandar sahaja and both were once a great leader.  dari segi lain are totally oopposite.

Saya pernah terbaca that sepanjang persdaban dunia ni, hanya 4 org sahaja yg pernah menakluk seluruh dunia.  2 muslim dan 2 lain non-muslim.  yg muslims were nabi sulaiman and dzurkarnain while non-muslim were namrud and nebucheznezzer (raja babylon)

wallahu 'alam

aizat

Alexander The Great (356-323 B.C.) King of Macedonia and one of the greatest generals in history.
He conquered much of what was then the civilized world.
Alexander brought Greek ideas and the Greek way of doing things to all the countries he conquered. This great general and king made possible the broadly developed culture of the Hellenistic Age.  



HIS BOYHOOD  
Alexander was born in Pella, Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedonia, who was
an excellent general and organizer. His mother was Olympia, princess of Epirus.  
She was brilliant and hot-tempered. Alexander inherited the best qualities of both his parents. But he was even more ambitious than his father. He wept bitterly when he heard of Philip's conquests and said, " My father will get ahead of me in everything, and will leave nothing great for me to do." Alexander's mother taught him that Achilles was his ancestor, and that his father was descended from Hercules. Alexander learned by heart the Iliad, a story about the deeds of Achilles. He carried a copy of the Iliad with him, and Achilles became Alexander's model .

Even as a boy Alexander was fearless and strong. He tamed the beautiful and spirited Bucephalus, a horse that no one else dared to touch or ride. Later, this famous steed carried him as far as India, where it died. Alexander then built the city of Bucephala on the Hydaspes River in memory of his beloved horse.
Philip was so proud of Alexander's power over the horse that he said, "O my son, seek out a kingdom worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee."  

HIS YOUTH  
When Alexander was 13 years old, he was taught by Aristotle.   
He was always eager to learn. Aristotle inspired the talented youth with a great love for literature. He took part in sports and daily exercise to develop a strong body. Aristotle also inspired in Alexander a keen interest in other countries and races of people, and in animals and plants. Alexander's education was not all from books. He talked with ambassadors from many foreign countries, and with other noted persons at his father's court. When he was only 18, he commanded part of Philip's cavalry at the battle of Chaeronea. Alexander also acted as his father's ambassador to Athens.  

Alexander was 20 when he became king of Macedonia. The Greek other states had grown restless under Macedonian rule. While Alexander was away making war on some barbarian tribes in the north, someone spread a story that he was dead. The people in the city of Thebes revolted and called upon the people of Athens to join them. Alexander soon appeared before Thebes with his army. His soldiers stormed the city. Every building in Thebes was destroyed, except the temples and the house of the poet Pindar. About 30,000 inhabitants were sold into slavery. Alexander's action broke the spirit of rebellion in the other Greek states.  
Alexander's Expedition Map


CONQUEST OF PERSIA  
The ambitious young king then turned his thoughts to conquering Persia. This had been part of his father's plan before him. He crossed the Hellespont with an army of 35,000 soldiers in the spring of 334 B.C. He had very little money, and gambled on a quick victory.
The Persians met him on the banks of the Granicus River.  
Alexander stormed across the river with his cavalry.
This victory opened all Asia Minor to him. Only Halicarnassus withstood a long siege.


In 333 B.C., Alexander became seriously ill. But he recovered and marched along the coast into Syria. The king of Persia, Darius III, raised a large army. He fortified a riverbank near Issus behind Alexander.
Alexander turned north and routed the Greek and Persian heavy infantry with his phalanx.
He captured the king's camp, including Dairus' wife and mother. His gallantry toward them was his finest act. Alexander then marched south into Phoenicia and captured Tyre after a seven-month siege.
The city was on an island, but Alexander built a causeway out to it, so that it is now a peninsula.
About 8,000 Tyrians were slain and 30,000 sold into slavery.
Alexander's victory over Tyre is sometimes considered his greatest military achievement.
The whole region then submitted to him except Gaza, where a brave Persian governor resisted for three months. Gaza eventually suffered the same fate as Tyre.  

Alexander next went to Egypt. The Egyptians welcomed him as a deliverer, because they hated their harsh Persian rulers. Alexander founded a city on a strip of land between Lake Mareotis and the Mediterranean Sea. This city, Alexandria, became a world center of commerce and learning. While it was being built, Alexander made the long, dangerous march to the temple and oracle of Zeus-Ammon, in the Libyan desert. Alexander was told that he was the son of the god and would conquer the world.  


THE BATTLE OF ARBELA  
Alexander turned again to the Persian front in 331 B.C. Darius had collected an enormous army, including the famous heavy cavalry of the Iranian steppe, and many chariots with scythe like knives protruding from the wheels. The Persians smoothed and cleared a vast level plain near Arbela, east of the Tigris River. The Persian cavalry outflanked Alexander's left and captured his camp. But, with a charge which he led himself, Alexander routed Darius, and the Persian Army retired to the east. The battle of Arbela is also known as the Battle of Gaugamela. It is considered on of the most decisive battles in history.  

The city of Babylon surrendered, and Alexander easily captured the Persian cities of Susa and Persepolis. These cities yielded him vast treasures of gold and silver. All the inhabitants of Persepolis were either killed or sold into slavery. Alexander burned Persepolis in revenge for the Persian burning of Athens in 480 B.C.   

Alexander crossed the Zagros Mountains into Media in 330 B.C. Darius had fled there, and was soon afterward killed by his own nobles. His death left Alexander king of Asia. He marched on, against only local opposition from tribes people, and occupied the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Continuing to the east, he set up Iranian nobles as new local governors, but they revolted after he left. Alexander swung south into Arachosia (southeast Persia) and then north into Afghanistan, founding cities to serve as garrisons and centers of administration. He entered Bactria and Sogdiana, behind the Hindu Kush mountain range, and marched as far as the Jaxartes River. It took two years to pacify the region. Alexander married Roxane, the daughter of a Sogdian baron.   

In Sogdiana, Alexander lost his temper and killed a close friend, Clitus, in a drunken quarrel. This cost him the sympathy of his Macedonian troops. There were plots against his life, and he executed several prominent people.  

VICTORY IN INDIA
Alexander reinforced his troops with Iranians and reached the rich plains of India in 326 B.C. He defeated an Indian prince, Porus, in this region (now part of Pakistan) and planned to march to the Ganges River. But his army mutinied. Alexander then sailed down the Indus River to its mouth, and led his army west across the terrible desert of Gedrosia, in present-day Pakistan and Iran. His fleet under Nearchus sailed along the coast to the Persian Gulf. Both the army and the fleet returned together to Susa.  

Alexander then became busy with the organization and administration of his empire. At the height of his power, his realm stretched from the Ionian Sea to northern India. He planned to make Asia and Europe one country and combine the best of the East with the West. He chose Babylon as his capital city.  

To achieve his goal, Alexander encouraged intermarriages, setting an example by marrying a Persian princess himself. He placed soldiers from all the provinces in his army. He introduced a uniform currency system throughout the empire and promoted trade and commerce. He encouraged the spread of Greek ideas, customs, and laws into Asia. When he heard that some of his provincial officials ruled unjustly, he replaced them. To receive recognition as the supreme ruler, he required the provinces to worship him as a god.  

HIS DEATH
Alexander had vast plans, including his governmental reorganization and an expedition to Arabia. But he was taken seriously ill with malaria at Babylon. The simple remedies of the day did not help him. He died on June 13, 323 B.C. His body was placed in a gold coffin and taken to Memphis, in Egypt. Later it was carried to Alexandria, and placed in a beautiful tomb.  

Alexander left no choice for a successor. His only son, Alexander IV, was born after Alexander's death. As a result, Alexander's leading generals became governors of various areas and fought among themselves for control of the Empire. But no single leader emerged, and by 311 B.C. the empire split into independent states or monarchies.

[ Last edited by  aizat at 26-4-2006 01:02 PM ]

aizat

Alexander Hunting a Lion

aizat

Alexander The Great Conquered The Known World At That Time.
      

aizat

jpl_fan

alexander the great ngan iskandar dzulkarnain nie org yg sama ker??

HangPC2

Originally posted by jpl_fan at 27-4-2006 10:27 PM
alexander the great ngan iskandar dzulkarnain nie org yg sama ker??

tak...

topeng perak

Originally posted by jpl_fan at 27-4-2006 10:27 PM
alexander the great ngan iskandar dzulkarnain nie org yg sama ker??

jauh skali tidak .... this man is nothing kalo nak compare ngan iskandar zulkarnain

HangPC2

Originally posted by topeng perak at 28-4-2006 05:40 PM



jauh skali tidak .... this man is nothing kalo nak compare ngan iskandar zulkarnain

iskandar zulkarnain dari parsi tak silap aku...

capiloton

yup...aku ada terbaca (tak ingat sumber dari mana), iskandar zulkarnain tu adalah cyrus the great dari parsi (iran lama), bukan alexander the great yg berasal dari macedonia. didalam al quran ada frasa yg menyebut iskandar zulkarnian mempunyai tanduk (maybe dia punya topi perang) dan kajian mendapati bahwa topi perang cyrus the great ini mempunyai tanduk (ada bukti yg menunjukkan gambar topi perang cyrus bertanduk). cyrus ini hidup hingga 529 sebelum kelahiran nabi isa. wallahulam.

more info >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_great

HangPC2

Cyrus The Great ini yang menyatukan kaum Medes dan Kaum Farisi, dan Cyrus The Great ader memakai mahkota 2 tanduk merupakan Pengasas Kerajaan Dinasti Achaemenia. Kerajaan Dinasti Achaemenia runtuh apabila di tawan oleh tentera macedonia (Alexender)



Cyrus The Great (Iskandar Zulkarnain)



Bukti Mahkota 2 tanduk dari tinggalan puing puing Istana Di Pasargad Iran




Wilayah Taklukan Cyrus The Great




Makam Cyrus The Great Di Pasargad Iran


Kaum Medes (Kurdis)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medes


Kaum Farisi @ Parsi (Iran)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_people

[ Last edited by  HangPC2 at 30-3-2007 01:10 PM ]

topeng perak

kat uia ari tuhh ader satu diskusi tajuk dia "why alexander the great cannot match iskandar zulkarnaen" ... memang best tahap tak hingat dunia arh discussion tuhh ...

kembali pada topik ... battle of gaugamela antara Darius of Parthia ngan alexander nieh memang diiktiraf merupakan antara 50 perang yg mengubah dunia ...